wind vane sailboat

Steering the dream

Hydrovane is your best crew member: an independent self-steering windvane and emergency rudder/steering system... ready to go!

Hydrovane will fit any cruising boat!

Off-center installations are the norm!

Doubles as Emergency Rudder/Steering!

True Stories

Golden Globe Update Day 113:

[GGR Leader Jean-Luc Van Den Heede sailing the Rustler 36 Matmut] was full of praise for his Hydrovane self-steering. “In a gale it has a big advantage because it is not steering the boat’s rudder, but has its own. This little rudder is far more efficient than the big rudder.”

– Jean Luc Van Den Heede on satellite phone call

“I am happy I did install the Hydrovane, especially that I saw on YouTube that at the same time 2 sailboats almost the same size as mine with the same problem. The crew had to abandon the the ships and left both boats in the middle of the Atlantic and lost everything … again thanks to the Hydrovane. It saved my boat.”

– Jacques Glaser, Amel Mango 52

“My wife and I have just completed a two month cruise with our new Hydrovane and it has performed beyond all expectations… If cruising I wouldn’t go to sea without one: strong, simple, reliable, an emergency helm and an extra crew member who never complains and doesn’t need a watch system.”

– Pete Goss, MBE, Frances 34

“So, I must tell you, and I mean this sincerely, the Hydrovane is simply a game changer for Quetzal. It’s just great and performs better than I expected… One other feature of the vane that I really appreciate is that it eases the load on the rudder and rudder bearings.”

– John Krestchmaer, Kaufman 47

“With just two of us on board, I wanted a system that was simple and effective to operate, and it has exceeded my most optimistic expectations by a considerable margin. It truly is our third crew member.”

– John Mennem, Jeanneau 45.2

“…it is still the most technically elegant solution i have ever seen for a wind vane… I was clawing off a lee shore on one side, and islands on another – winds were reported at 55 knots, and waves in the region were at least ‘boat length’ high and quite steep with the currents. This was an awful night and I was very afraid for myself, the boat and my equipment – I had new found respect, trust and comfort in the Hydrovane after that.”

– Steve De Maio, Contessa 26

In this recent Pacific crossing, the Hydrovane kept us on course (relative to the wind, of course) for several days at a time, requiring no tweaking or attention at all. If you can balance your boat and twist a dial, you can successfully operate a Hydrovane. Don’t leave home without one!

– Bill Ennis, Passport 40

“For the first time, we had to run downwind, under bare poles in gale force 8 conditions, with gusts to 50 knots – and don’t get me started on the sea conditions! Have you ever swallowed your tongue? Oh, and iVane, our wind-steering partner. What a gem! It steered 230 hard miles without even nut rations.”

– Brian Anderson, Hallberg Rassy 40

“The additional cash to purchase a windvane was almost too much… Just how good is this ‘Hydrovane’ anyway?”

After 29,000+ miles: “We’ve said to each many times that without doubt the most valuable piece of equipment on board was Casper – best purchase EVER. I will never own an offshore boat again that does not have this device.”

– Ryan Robertson, T 40

Swim Step / Sugar Scoop

External rudder, watt&sea bracket, other products.

Watt&Sea Hydrogenerator

Echo Tec Watermaker

Happy Halloween! This costume may have been for a different occasion but relevant nonetheless! 👻 “After seeing what Taurus [the Hydrovane] does for us [my friend] fell in love with him too. So much so that when the crew dressed up for the equator crossing, she dressed up as a Hydrovane!” - Norlin 37 owner 🙌🙌 ... See More See Less

Comments: 1

1 Comment Comment on Facebook

How times change just thought I’d send you this video that somebody sent me that bought a Hydrovane ❤️x

Well that was a fun night. 🎉 Thanks @cruisersawards Young Cruisers' Association for bringing together so many inspirational sailors and story tellers! Get out there and chase the wind ⛵️ #cruiserawards #youngcruisers #internationalcruiserawards #seapeople #annapolis #usboatshow #hydrovane ... See More See Less

Comments: 0

0 Comments Comment on Facebook

#repost from @kirstenggr ⛵️ “Thinking back on the sailing, and missing it! Thanks to @ hydrovane for having serviced Minnehaha's hydrovane , which did about 45 000 nm before having any major overhaul - possibly more than any hydrovane has ever done before without a significant service. It saw Kirsten and Minnehaha all the way through the GGR and over the finish line! The unit is as good as new again, and it was smooth sailing all the way down to Madeira! Also, a big thanks to Eddie Arsenault, for having built such a solid mounting bracket for the hydrovane ! Without Eddie, Minnehaha would just not be the strong boat that she is today!” ... See More See Less

Comments: 2

2 Comments Comment on Facebook

Wow, absolutely so proud my fathers invention and so glad everybody is so still going strong with this after so many years!! It is so lovely to see !❤️

Any photos of the mount Eddie made?

Thank you Kirsten Neuschäfer ! You are an inspiration. The Hydrovane loves sailing as much as you do 😀 Kudos to Eddie for the rock solid install! Thinking back on the sailing, and missing it! Thanks to Hydrovane International Marine for having serviced Minnehaha's hydrovane, which did about 45 000 nm before having any major overhaul - possibly more than any hydrovane has ever done before without a significant service. It saw Kirsten and Minnehaha all the way through the GGR and over the finish line! The unit is as good as new again, and it was smooth sailing all the way down to Madeira! Also, a big thanks to Eddie Arsenault, for having built such a solid mounting bracket for the hydrovane! Without Eddie, Minnehaha would just not be the strong boat that she is today! ... See More See Less

Hydrovane is my most trusted crewman.

Lee Colledge Shaun Colledge see what you have built 💪 👌

Once upon a time under spinnaker between Niue and Tonga 😍 ... See More See Less

This week we sailed from Lemvig Denmark to Vlieland Netherlands. 270nm and a tough journey for us and without the Hydrovane it really wouldn't have been possible for us. It gives us peace of mind while sailing and can no longer do without it. Boat is a Barbican 33.

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Why You Need a Wind Vane for Your Sailboat

September 24, 2021 by Travis Turgeon 1 Comment

view of the sunset from a sailboat using a wind vane system to steer

Many of today’s offshore cruising sailboats utilize a type of autopilot equipment called a windvane. A sailboat wind vane is a mechanical self-steering system that requires no electricity, fuel, or manpower to operate. It’s the perfect addition to bluewater cruisers and offshore sailboats. While a mechanical self-steering wind vane can’t hold you on a compass course, they’re more accurate than human steering over long distances. By reducing the overall mileage of a passage, you’re able to save time and money on your journey. Alternatively, a windvane is essential for short-handed or single-handed sailing. It gives the skipper a much-needed break from the helm when conditions allow.

How Does a Wind Vane Work on a Sailboat?

diagram showing how a mechanical self steering system works

Mechanical wind vane systems are relatively simple in concept. Once mounted at the boat’s transom or somewhere along the stern, wind prompts the elevated vane to adjust the rudder or wheel steering system, putting your sailboat back on a wind-based course dictated by the captain. The idea is that you won’t have to make constant adjustments in variable winds. Automatic adjustments reduce boat heeling and allow your vessel to remain trim in the water.

In other words, wind vanes use wind and water resistance to return a ship to course when wind chages direction.

Sailboat Windvane Gears Vs. Electronic Autopilot Systems

a boats sail blows in the wind on a sunny day

Two primary self-steering systems are standard for bluewater cruisers and offshore sailboats: wind vane steering gears and electronic autopilot systems. Both systems have advantages, and many sailors choose to install both systems on their boats.

Electronic Autopilot Systems

Electronic autopilot systems are the modern answer to self-steering. They’re easy to use, work without wind, and are an excellent option for near-shore cruising and short-term offshore sailing. Autopilots are also compatible with multi-hull vessels, unlike windvane systems.

The downfalls to these systems can be daunting, though. Electronic systems are complex and have numerous parts: displays, wiring, plotters, motors – the list goes on. To run an electric autopilot system, you’ll also need a generator. Most even have two generators, using one as a backup for reliability. As you’d expect, they also come with a higher price tag.

Self-Steering Wind Vane Systems

Windvane steering systems take a more traditional approach to self-steering. They rely on the wind to operate your boat on the desired course. Wind vane steering systems require no electricity, little maintenance, have few moving parts. They also come in several variations to fit your boat in the best way possible. Another massive benefit of a mechanical sailboat windvane is its robust build. This allows reliable and powerful performance in heavy weather conditions.

There are also several downfalls to a windvane system. They do not work in the absence of wind or under power, can add weight and stress to the boat stern, can be initially expensive to purchase, and won’t work on multi-hull vessels.

Types of Sailboat Wind Vane Systems

difference between three sailboat wind vane systems

All wind vane systems direct a boat to a wind-based course, but they each do it differently.

Servo-Pendulum Wind Vane

Servo-pendulum windvane systems are the most common commercially available system, and they are a favorite among most sailors. The reliability for offshore sailing is a huge selling point. It re-affirms why these are the “classic” wind-driven autopilot systems.

Main steering servo-pendulum systems have control lines running from the primary steering quadrant to a wheel or tiller. As the wind pushes the pendulum, it directs the boat’s steering by way of the primary rudder. Because of this, the system is solely dependent on the power of the wind. The stronger the wind blows, the more force the system provides to push the boat back on the desired course.

Rudder steering servo-pendulum systems have the pendulum rudder connected to the primary boat rudder. It works almost the same as the “main steering system,” with a few minor differences. The wind pushes the pendulum rudder to the side, forcing water to pull the boat’s main rudder to change steering. The advantage of this system over the prior is that it involves fewer mechanical components, making it easier to check issues and fix any problems. The disadvantage is that it can be a bit trickier to set.

One of the biggest downfalls of either servo-pendulum system is that the pendulum rudder can not replace an auxiliary rudder. Unlike an auxiliary rudder, its one-dimensional operation makes it unable to run the system if the primary rudder fails. These systems can also create a cluttered cockpit due to the lines running from the steering quadrant. Lastly, servo-pendulum systems generally require more consistent maintenance and more common repairs.

Auxiliary-Rudder Wind Vane

Unlike servo-pendulum steering systems, auxiliary-rudder wind vanes are entirely independent of all other aspects of the boat. Instead, the main rudder is locked, and the auxiliary rudder steers the vessel after setting a powerful windvane to the desired angle. The main rudder is often locked to the left of center or slightly at an angle to balance the helm. One of the most significant advantages to these systems is that if the primary boat rudder fails, the auxiliary rudder can act as a replacement to steer the boat.

There are some important considerations to make when purchasing auxiliary-rudder wind vane steering gear. First, auxiliary-rudder windvanes put a significant amount of stress on the vane, making it vital that the model and components are well designed and made of quality materials. If you can source well-made parts, there is minimal risk while out at sea. There are very few moving parts and no critical lines attached to the system. Second, these systems are big, heavy, and bulky. Having such a massive piece of equipment at the stern of the boat isn’t always ideal in every scenario. Lastly, auxiliary rudders can be awkward to operate when the mizzen is in use on ketch-rigged vessels.

Trim-Tab Wind Vane

Trim-tab windvanes are less common than they used to be after the emergence of the steering technologies listed above. The system works by attaching a “tab” to the main rudder. The small surface of the trim tab makes it easy for the wind to move it from side to side, which then forces water over the primary rudder in the opposite direction to keep the boat on course. Those with the appropriate skills and know-how can even construct a trim-tab themselves, although we recommend that they do not rely entirely on a self-made system.

The major drawback to trim-tabs is that the ability to fine-tune the system is somewhat limited in heavy conditions.

How to Install a Sailboat Wind Vane System

view of the ocean from the deck of a sailboat at dusk

Installing a wind vane on your boat is relatively easy, but it still takes a bit of planning.

Initial Considerations

All windvane models require installation at the center of the boat’s transom or as close to the center as possible. Depending on which system you choose to run, you may need to account for the steering lines that operate the system. Steering lines are approximately a quarter of an inch in diameter and need a clear path from the wind vane to the boat wheel. You may redirect the lines with steering blocks, but be aware that each block adds friction and lessens the overall efficiency of the steering system.

Balancing the Boat

Windvane gears adjust the course of a boat using the wind force at the surface. For this to happen efficiently, you’ll first need to ensure your boat is balanced and sailing as intended. Take your time to get the weight distributed evenly. You’ll also need to reef the sails appropriately so as not to be overpowered.

Adjusting the System for the Conditions

Regardless of the system, nearly all sailboat wind vanes have one or more adjustment features so that you can optimize performance in various conditions. When wind conditions are relatively light, you should expose the vane as much as possible so that the system receives the most force as possible. In heavy winds, however, you can lower the windvane to reduce the impact on the system. In some cases, the wind vanes have sensitivity adjustments where the vane meets the pivot, so you may not need to adjust the height as weather conditions change.

How to Engage a Sailboat Wind Vane System

three people sitting on a white sailboat as it is driven by a self steering wind vane system

Most wind vanes are relatively adaptable and can adjust to fit a variety of hull types. Some vanes are even customizable to bolt directly onto the boat. As with any other object you bolt to your hull, plan to through-bolt everything with the appropriate bedding and backplates for maximum security.

Operating a sailboat wind vane is far less complicated than you might expect. There are four standard steps to engaging a windvane:

Deploy the Gear : To do this, attach the wind paddle and unfold the rudder to be placed in the water. Doing this should only take a few minutes at most.
Connect the Control Lines : Control lines run from the windvane to the boat wheel and may have steering blocks included in the setup. The system may require you to make a few knots or use some hardware, but again, it’s a relatively easy process once you’ve completed it once or twice.
Balance the Boat and Set a Course : With the wind vane deployed, balance your boat, set the course to the desired point of sail, and adjust the windvane to engage the steering.
Evaluate the Course and Adjust as Needed : Adjust the vane to steer more accurately after evaluating your approach. Course adjustments are made by rotating and trimming the paddle to match your course.

Perfectly balancing your boat is one of the easiest ways to make your self-steering wind vane more efficient in the water. A vessel with poor balance or trim will not just sail inefficiently, but it will put unneeded stress on the wind vane system.

Have more questions about sailboat windvane systems and how you can best implement them on your boat? Reach out to the #Boatlife community on our forum with questions or comments!

If you found this article helpful, please leave a comment below, share it on social media, and subscribe to our email list.

For direct questions and comments, shoot me an email at [email protected]

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Reader Interactions

June 12, 2022 at 5:44 pm

Thanks for the useful information. However, you didn’t mention anything about the usefulness of wind vanes in light or downwind sailing. You mentioned the issue of a mizzen and auxiliary rudder, how do I understand that (as we sail a ketch and thinking about installing a Hydrovane.

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Yachting Monthly

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Windvane steering: why it makes sense for coastal cruising

Will Bruton
October 15, 2018

No electricity needed, built for gale-force conditions and currently experiencing  something of a renaissance amongst  cruisers; windvane self-steering makes sense for coastal cruisers as much as  offshore voyagers. Will Bruton took  an in depth look at the options  and how they work.

Self steering gear on the back of a boat

‘The distance run was 2,700 miles as the crow flies. During those 23 days I had not spent more than three hours at the helm. I just lashed the helm and let her go; whether the wind was abeam or dead aft, it was all the same: she always stayed on her course,’ wrote Joshua Slocum in 1895.

The ability of his long-keeled Spray to hold course without input from the helm was instrumental  in making her the first yacht to circumnavigate single-handed.

Few modern boats bear these inherently balanced characteristics, so some form of autopilot is necessary to allow the skipper to rest.

Even for crewed passages, it can take an enormous strain off the crew without draining the battery. Some insurance companies even count windvane steering as an additional crew member, such is its contribution to life on board.

Self steering gear on the back of a Golden Globe Race yacht

Unlike an electronic autopilot, self-steering needs no power

One solution experiencing something of a renaissance, is windvane self-steering.

Requiring no electricity, mechanical self-steering gear was first designed in an age when autopilots were the preserve of large ships and heavy motor cruisers. The principle is relatively simple and pure physics.

What mechanical self-steering cannot do is hold your yacht on a compass course. However, as anyone that’s experienced a sudden wind shift or squall whilst away from the helm knows, steering to a wind angle is preferable most of the time as you are far less likely to crash gybe, and the sails remain correctly set.

Self-steering gear achieves this by presenting a vane directly into the wind. When the wind acts on either side of this vane, it tips, transferring this action through the mechanism below to either a rudder or a servo pendulum which acts on the main rudder, altering the boat’s course.

The two main systems

Servo-pendulum

A derivative of the servo-trim tab principle invented by Blondie Hasler, servo-pendulum self steering gear uses the speed of the yacht going through the water to push against the servo-paddle, creating a substantial force, which is then transferred to the yacht’s own tiller or wheel by control lines.

The wind itself does not provide the power for the steering; rather it adjusts the angle of the paddle, relying on the hydro-mechanical energy of the boat going through the water to do the work of steering the boat.

Popular before the advent of the small craft electronic autopilot, it’s particularly well suited to yachts under 40ft in length, and can be swung out of the water when not in use.

There are now several derivatives, including some available as a self-build kit. Amongst the Golden Globe Race entrants, models included Aries, Monitor, Windpilot and Beaufort systems.

One disadvantage of the servo-pendulum gear is that it uses the yacht’s rudder, meaning it does not double up as an emergency rudder should the yacht’s steering be disabled, although some servo-pendulums can be adapted.

Direct drive systems

Wind vane steering linked to a secondary rudder is the most inherently simple of the mechanical self-steering systems, but relies on a much more powerful transmission of force between a large-surface-area wind vane and the system’s own independent rudder.

Direct drive systems feature a large fully independent auxiliary rudder

This has the advantage of ensuring  a back up steering method is already on board but also requires a heavy-duty installation to bear the load and strain that will be exerted.

One of the most popular models is the Hydrovane, which is now available in several different sizes and shapes depending on  the boat it is being installed on.

The size  and shape of the fabric-covered windvane is directly proportional to the size of yacht, and has been installed successfully on yachts in excess of 50ft in length, including multihulls.

When the boat veers off course, the  wind hits the vane on one side or the other, deflecting it away from the vertical.

This then acts on a gear that converts  this sideways movement into rotation to directly steer a relatively large rudder suspended from the boat’s transom via  the installation framework.

Setting up windvane steering

Balancing the boat.

‘Before doing anything, you have to get the boat sailing well. It demands you take the time to get your boat properly balanced, correctly reefed and with no weather helms; so it actually makes you a better sailor!’ explains Nick Nottingham, who recently fitted a Hydrovane to his Hallberg-Rassy 42, Spellbinder . Nick is about to use the system on an Atlantic circuit.

Self-steering relies on a well balanced boat. As the wind shifts, the mechanism corrects

Self-steering gear works by adjusting the yacht’s course in relation to the apparent wind. The first step to making this work as efficiently as possible is to balance the boat and reduce the amount of input required.

Sailing conventionally, the yacht should be easy on the helm and not overpowered.

Setting the system for the conditions

Whether servo-pendulum or direct drive, most self-steering systems have one or more methods of adjustment for the conditions. In light airs, the wind vane will be exposed as much as possible to the wind, to exert the maximum force on the system, whereas in heavier weather, the vane’s height can be lowered, reducing the force acting on the system.

Some systems, like the Hydrovane, Monitor and Beaufort have different sized vanes that can be swapped, while the Windpilot and Aries allow the vane to be raked aft, presenting a shorter level.

With the wind vane attached, you are ready to remove the locking pin and engage the steering mechanism

On some set ups, the power exerted on the steering system can also be adjusted at the point where the wind vane meets its pivot, just like changing sensitivity on an electronic autopilot. By controlling the rotation of the rudder or paddle created by the windvane, you control how aggressively the system corrects the boat’s course.

Changing the gearing at the point where the wind input creates the steering output achieve an increase or decrease of ratio.

Engaging the system

To engage the system, set the yacht on course and adjust the wind vane so that the wind is flowing over it with the least resistance, like a blade.

If you a using a system with its own rudder, centralise and lock the yacht’s main rudder, simultaneously engaging the self-steering mechanism.

Once engaged, monitor how the system adjusts and double check your sails are trimmed correctly.

As the vane moves it will adjust the steering accordingly.

In heavy weather, reduce the system’s power to ensure the least amount of strain.

Self-steering systems work efficiently in strong winds but most will steer comfortably in light airs as well.

Course adjustments

When the wind vane is vertical, you are on course. When the vane is deflected, the system is adjusting course.

Changing the direction you want to go in is simply a matter of altering the self-steering system’s vane angle relative to the wind.

A man wearing a blue top pulls on line attached to a yacht's self steering system

On most systems this is achieved by a steering line that can be run into the safety of the cockpit, meaning you do not necessarily need to adjust the vane itself directly.

Make small adjustments until the yacht comes onto the desired course, trimming the sails appropriately.

A standalone system?

Whilst self-steering systems offer a much more resilient option than an electronic autopilot for heavy weather, when there is no sailing wind, they cease to be useful.

Self steering gear with an electronic tilletpilot

Here an electronic tillerpilot has been plugged directly into the Hydrovane auxiliary rudder

For this reason, most cruisers also have a conventional electronic autopilot on board to steer under engine.

In the case of systems incorporating a rudder, many also make it possible to easily engage a tiller pilot onto the system’s auxiliary rudder for use under engine.

Self-steering on the Golden Globe Race

If there’s one place that mechanical  self-steering fandom bordered on the evangelical this year, it was at the start of  the Golden Globe Race .

50 years previously, Robin Knox-Johnston’s world first single-handed circumnavigation was steered by his own self-steering gear system until it failed  near Australia.

Restored to her former glory,  Knox-Johnston’s Suhaili joined the parade; along with Indian competitor Abhilash Tommy’s replica yacht Thuriya , which sports a commercially made Windpilot servo-pendulum system.

self steering gear and the tiller of Suhaili

Self-steering gear on Suhaili. Credit: Nic Compton/Alamy Stock Photo

With this year’s revival competition using 1960’s technology and electronic wizardry strictly prohibited, mechanical self-steering systems are effectively the only option for competitors. Each has chosen carefully.

Competitors in the race are using a variety of systems including Hydrovane, Aries, Monitor, Windpilot and Beaufort.

Due to the nature of the boats competing being long keeled, they are ideally suited to mechanical self-steering, naturally holding course better than a modern hull. However, should systems fail and prove unrepairable, it will be hard  for them to remain competitive in the race.

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Wind Vane Steering: A Comprehensive Guide

by Emma Sullivan | Jul 26, 2023 | Sailboat Maintenance

Short answer: Wind vane steering

Wind vane steering, a mechanical self-steering system, uses a wind vane to maintain the desired course of a sailing vessel. The wind’s pressure on the vane adjusts the boat’s rudder, allowing it to stay on track even when unmanned or during long voyages.

How Wind Vane Steering Works: Understanding the Basics

The ingenuity and simplicity of wind vane steering have made it a trusted technique for sailors navigating the open seas. Used extensively on sailboats and yachts, understanding the basics of how wind vane steering works is essential to grasp its importance in marine navigation.

Imagine being out at sea, with no access to modern electronic navigation systems. How do you maintain a steady course without constant monitoring? This is where wind vane steering steps in as your reliable companion.

At the heart of this sophisticated mechanism lies a simple principle – utilizing the power of the wind itself to steer your vessel. The concept operates on maintaining an equilibrium between opposing forces generated by the apparent wind angle.

When deployed correctly, a wind vane steering system harnesses this phenomenon as it responds to changes in wind direction. By doing so, it enables the boat’s rudder to continuously adjust and align itself with the current winds, ensuring that the vessel remains on course without any manual intervention.

So how does this magic work?

To grasp the inner workings of wind vane steering, picture yourself facing directly into an ocean breeze. As soon as you rotate sideways even slightly, you’ll observe an imbalance between forces acting upon your body from different angles.

This imbalance precisely unearths one of nature’s most remarkable phenomena – aerodynamic lift. Similar to when an airplane takes off or stays airborne due to wing lift, this force causes a swinging pendulum-like motion within the wind vane mechanism.

As your boat sails along and encounters fluctuations in apparent wind direction caused by tides or gusts, these movements transfer through a series of linkage arms connected to a sturdy mast-mounted pivot point. Through mechanical wizardry hidden inside their housing unit called vaneshaft box, these movements are converted into precise rudder adjustments required to sustain steady progress through churning waters.

By analyzing data fed through various sensors employing compass feedback systems, wind vane steering systems can continuously adjust the rudder’s angle in relation to the wind. This ensures that even if the wind direction changes abruptly, your vessel will automatically reposition itself, maintaining a stable heading.

A remarkable feature of wind vane steering lies in its autonomy. Once set up correctly and engaged, it frees sailors from laboriously tending to the helm. As long as there is a consistent amount of wind present, this system tirelessly works round-the-clock without requiring any external power source or human intervention.

Another advantage is its mechanical reliability; devoid of complex circuitry or sensitive electronic components that are prone to damage or failure on longer journeys at sea. Wind vane systems are considered trusted companions for adventurous sailors embarking on prolonged voyages where technology may falter but reliable mechanical engineering remains steadfast.

In conclusion, understanding the basics of how wind vane steering works illuminates our appreciation for this clever mechanism rooted in harnessing nature’s most abundant resource – the wind. By utilizing aerodynamic lift and converting it into precise adjustments through sophisticated linkages and sensors, wind vane steering provides autonomous reliability and ensures that sailors remain confidently on course while embracing the timeless essence of seafaring adventure.

A Step-by-Step Guide to Setting Up Wind Vane Steering on Your Boat

Title: A Step-by-Step Guide to Setting Up Wind Vane Steering on Your Boat

Introduction: Welcome aboard! If you’re an avid sailor looking to upgrade your boat’s steering system, then wind vane steering might just be the game-changer you’ve been searching for. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll delve into the intricacies of setting up wind vane steering, unraveling the process step-by-step. So grab your compass, set sail with us, and let’s discover how to navigate the winds like a pro!

Chapter 1: Understanding Wind Vane Steering Before diving into setup procedures, it’s crucial to grasp the concept behind this ingenious navigation tool. Wind vane steering harnesses Mother Nature herself by using wind direction as a primary means of guiding your boat’s course. By understanding how the wind interacts with your sails and affects steering mechanisms, you’ll appreciate why wind vanes are such valuable assets.

Chapter 2: Choose a Reliable Wind Vane System To embark on this adventure, choosing the right wind vane system for your vessel is paramount. We explore various trustworthy options available in today’s market – examining their features, durability, and compatibility with different boat sizes. Whether you opt for self-steering or auxiliary systems depends on your specific needs and sailing style.

Chapter 3: Mounting and Installation Now comes the fun part – mounting and installing your newly acquired wind vane system! With detailed instructions accompanied by helpful visuals, we provide insights into selecting ideal mounting locations based on factors such as ease of access and limited interference between rigging components. We also highlight essential tools required during installation while offering tips to minimize potential complications.

Chapter 4: Setting Up Sensitivity Adjustments Fine-tuning sensitivity adjustments can make all the difference in ensuring seamless navigation under varying conditions. Our step-by-step walkthrough guides you through calibrating your wind vane system according to desired responsiveness, optimizing sail trim and course adjustment for both upwind and downwind sailing. By mastering these settings, you’ll unlock the true potential of wind vane steering.

Chapter 5: Troubleshooting Tips and Tricks Even with careful setup, occasional hiccups may arise. Fear not – this chapter equips you with a troubleshooting arsenal to overcome minor setbacks encountered during your sailing journeys. From tangled lines to unexpected weather changes, we cover common challenges and propose clever solutions that will have you smoothly maneuvering through any storm.

Chapter 6: Maintenance and Upkeep To ensure your wind vane steering system remains reliable throughout its lifespan, diligent maintenance is crucial. We delve into routine upkeep tasks, such as proper cleaning techniques, periodic lubrication, and inspection of critical components. Learn how to recognize early signs of wear and tear, enabling proactive measures that guarantee peak performance when it matters most.

Conclusion: Congratulations on completing this step-by-step guide! By embracing wind vane steering on your boat, you’ve embarked on a journey that can revolutionize your sailing experience. Armed with invaluable insights encompassing installation procedures, sensitivity adjustments, troubleshooting tips, and consistent maintenance practices – you’re now equipped with all the necessary knowledge to navigate confidently through whichever winds cross your path. Bon voyage!

Exploring the Advantages of Wind Vane Steering over Other Navigation Systems

Title: Unlocking the True Potential: Exploring the Advantages of Wind Vane Steering over Other Navigation Systems

Introduction: When it comes to navigating the vast oceans, sailors have long relied on various navigation systems to guide their way. Among these, wind vane steering stands out as an ingenious innovation. Offering a myriad of benefits in comparison to other navigation systems, this clever contraption has proven its worth time and time again. In this blog, we will delve deep into the advantages that wind vane steering holds over its counterparts, unraveling the reasons behind its popularity among skilled sailors.

1. Harnessing Nature’s Power: Wind vane steering beautifully captures one of nature’s most abundant resources – the wind itself. Unlike electronic navigation systems that require intricate sensors and power supply, wind vanes harness nothing but the natural breeze to sense direction and control course adjustments. This self-sustainability not only saves valuable electrical power on board but also guarantees consistent functionality across various weather conditions.

2. Reliability in Remote Territories: Picture this: you’re sailing in uncharted waters where GPS signals become weak or erratic. In such circumstances, relying solely on electronic navigation may prove futile and nerve-wracking. Here enters wind vane steering as a reliable companion! Its mechanical design eliminates any dependency on external signals or satellite connectivity, enabling mariners to navigate through even the most remote areas with absolute confidence.

3. Enhanced Mechanical Simplicity: While advanced technologies dazzle us with their complexity, sometimes simplicity is all we need for optimal performance. Employing a purely mechanical system devoid of electronics or software intricacies grants wind vane steering unparalleled reliability and longevity. The absence of fragile components vulnerable to malfunctions drastically reduces maintenance requirements while ensuring robustness against extreme weather conditions.

4. Fuel Efficiency & Reduced Carbon Footprint: As environmental awareness grows stronger within our society, embracing sustainable practices becomes imperative even at sea. Wind vane steering presents a terrific solution by diminishing the reliance on fuel-consuming engines. By utilizing wind power, sailors can reduce their carbon footprint while enjoying great fuel savings during long journeys. This not only benefits the environment but also makes economic sense for long-term cruising enthusiasts.

5. Adaptability to Challenging Conditions: When battling unpredictable sea conditions, sailors yearn for a navigation system that adapts seamlessly. Wind vane steering effortlessly rises to this challenge! With its ability to react instantaneously and instinctively to shifting winds and turbulent waves, it offers unparalleled stability in maintaining course direction. This adaptability allows mariners to focus on more pressing matters aboard without worrying about constantly fine-tuning their navigation system.

6. A Sense of Connection with Tradition: Sailing holds within it a rich history passed down through generations of seafarers. Harnessing the power of wind vane steering enables present-day sailors to connect with the traditions of navigational ingenuity that have graced our waters for centuries. Amidst modern technologies, embracing this timeless technique adds a touch of charm and nostalgia to the art of sailing.

Conclusion: As we conclude our exploration into the advantages of wind vane steering over other navigation systems, it becomes evident that embracing this ingenious contraption unlocks a world of possibilities for experienced mariners. From its sustainable nature-driven functionality to its reliability in remote territories, wind vane steering shines as an epitome of mechanical simplicity coupled with sophisticated adaptability. So next time you embark upon an oceanic journey, consider taking advantage of this clever technology and let the winds be your guiding force across uncharted horizons!

Troubleshooting Common Issues with Wind Vane Steering: Tips and Tricks

Imagine sailing on a vast ocean, feeling the wind in your hair and the boat gliding effortlessly through the water. It’s a dream come true for any sailor. But what happens when your trusty wind vane steering system starts giving you trouble? Don’t worry, we’ve got you covered with some handy tips and tricks to troubleshoot common issues with wind vane steering.

1. Unresponsive Steering:

One of the most frustrating problems that can occur with wind vane steering is unresponsiveness. You’re trying to adjust the course, but it seems like your commands are falling on deaf ears. Before panic sets in, take a deep breath and start by checking the control lines for any tangles or obstructions. A simple knot or jammed block might be all that’s causing this headache.

If everything seems in order there, it’s time to inspect the rudder blade itself. Is it properly aligned? Are there any signs of damage or excessive wear? Sometimes a misaligned or damaged rudder blade can cause unresponsiveness, so make sure to give it a thorough examination.

2. Erratic Course Changes:

Ah, the joys of erratic course changes! If your wind vane steering system seems to have a mind of its own, determining its own path without any input from you, it’s time to put on your troubleshooting hat again.

Start by checking the trim tab adjustment. Is it set correctly? Can you see any signs of corrosion or other damage that may affect its operation? The trim tab plays an essential role in adjusting the balance between weather helm and lee helm, so make sure it’s working as intended.

Furthermore, check if there are any loose parts that could be causing unwanted movements in the system. Securely tighten all connections and joints to eliminate this possibility.

3. Sudden Stops or Jams:

Picture this: you’re cruising along smoothly when suddenly your wind vane steering system decides to come to an abrupt halt. Frustration levels rise as you try to figure out what’s gone wrong.

First things first, check for any debris or foreign objects that might be lodged in the system. Something as small as a piece of seaweed can cause havoc and bring your sailing adventure to a standstill. Clean any obstructions and ensure a clear path for smooth operation.

Next, inspect the gears and bearings for signs of wear or damage. Over time, these components may deteriorate or become misaligned. Regular maintenance should help avoid sudden stops or jams.

4. Inaccurate Wind Sensor Readings:

As sailors, we rely on accurate wind sensor readings to navigate our vessels. If the wind vane steering system starts feeding us false information, it’s time to dig deeper into troubleshooting mode.

Begin by checking if the wind vane itself is correctly aligned with the sensor. Any misalignment can throw off readings significantly. Ensure that there are no obstacles obstructing its movement or causing interference.

Additionally, inspect the wiring connections from the sensor to the control unit. Loose or corroded connections could result in inaccurate data transmission.

In Conclusion:

Troubleshooting common issues with wind vane steering might feel like navigating through uncharted waters at times, but armed with these tips and tricks, you’ll be able to keep your sailing experience hassle-free.

Remember to perform regular inspections and maintenance on your wind vane steering system to prevent problems from arising in the first place. And above all, keep that adventurous spirit alive – after all, nothing can stop a determined sailor armed with knowledge and wit!

Enhancing Sailing Performance with Proper Wind Vane Steering Techniques

When it comes to sailing, every sailor knows that the key to a successful voyage lies in harnessing the power of the wind. While modern technology has introduced advanced navigational systems and autopilot features to assist sailors, one technique that should not be overlooked is proper wind vane steering.

Wind vane steering, commonly known as self-steering, is a method used by sailors to maintain a steady course without constantly adjusting the tiller or wheel. By utilizing the natural forces of wind and water, this technique allows sailors to focus on other tasks while their vessel efficiently sails towards its destination.

So how does wind vane steering work? It all begins with understanding the dynamics of airflow around your sailboat. A wind vane is typically mounted on the stern or transom of a yacht, consisting of an arrow-shaped blade that aligns itself with the direction from where the wind is blowing. This alignment is crucial for maintaining a balanced boat trim and ensuring optimal performance.

To enhance sailing performance using proper wind vane steering techniques, there are several factors to consider. Firstly, correct positioning of the wind vane plays a significant role in achieving accurate readings. Mounting it in an unobstructed area away from turbulence caused by rigging or sails is essential for precise and consistent feedback from the prevailing winds.

Additionally, sailboat design and rig setup can significantly affect how well your wind vane responds. Balancing weight distribution and adjusting sails appropriately can help achieve better control over your vessel’s movements. Ensuring that your sails are properly trimmed and that there is even tension across the rigging will contribute to smoother handling when using wind vane steering.

Another crucial element when employing this technique is anticipating changes in wind direction and speed. Observing cloud formations, sea state patterns, and other atmospheric indicators can provide valuable information about upcoming shifts in conditions. By staying ahead of these changes, skilled sailors can make timely adjustments to their course or sail trim, optimizing their wind vane steering system and maximizing speed and efficiency.

While wind vane steering eliminates the need for constant manual adjustment, it is still essential to monitor its performance. Observing how your vessel responds to different wind angles and fine-tuning the wind vane’s sensitivity settings can enhance its accuracy. Regular maintenance, including checking for wear or damage, lubricating moving parts, and calibrating the system as needed, ensures that your wind vane continues to provide reliable and precise guidance.

In addition to the practical benefits of proper wind vane steering techniques, there is also a certain elegance and satisfaction in mastering this skill. As sailors become attuned to their boat’s unique response to wind and water dynamics, they develop an intimate connection with their vessel. This intuitive understanding enhances their overall sailing experience while simultaneously improving safety on board.

In conclusion, enhancing sailing performance with proper wind vane steering techniques encompasses a combination of factors: accurate mounting and positioning of the wind vane, careful attention to sailboat design and rig setup, anticipation of changing winds using natural indicators, continuous monitoring of the system’s performance, and regular maintenance. By harnessing these elements effectively, experienced sailors can optimize their wind-driven navigation while experiencing greater control over their vessel. So whether you’re preparing for a leisurely coastal cruise or embarking on a competitive regatta, don’t underestimate the power of proper wind vane steering in enhancing your sailing performance.

Build Your Own Self-Steering Windvane

For the short-handed sailor planning long ocean crossings, a self-steering windvane is not essential but darn close to it. For boats with stern-hung rudders, a self-steering windvane can be constructed with readily available materials and a modest level of skill.

It’s all about leverage. There will be an air paddle which will weathercock to the wind and provide enough torque to move the trim tab which we are going to mount on the trailing edge of the rudder. The trim tab will be a slender, high aspect ratio blade, and we will add some “balance” to it–a little bit of the blade will lead the shaft–all so as to lessen the torque required to move the trim tab when the water is flowing over it and thus increase the amount of leverage the air paddle has over it.

Let’s start with building the trim tab. The trim tab should be somewhere around 10 to 15 percent of the area of the rudder. We decide on the correct diameter of shaft for the blade. In my case this was a 5/8″ diameter stainless steel shaft. We then drill several (say four) holes to take through-bolts which will hold the wooden blade to the shaft. Below is the rough blade held to the shaft with 1/4-20 bolts. Notice the thinner piece on the leading edge, this will give it some balance.

We then permanently attach the blade with the bolts and 3M 5200 and begin fairing:

Following fairing and shaping we will then encase the entire blade in fiberglass roving and epoxy, this will add a great deal of strength and durability.

Now we have to mount it on the end of the rudder. But before we start drilling any holes, we need to work out some geometry. The trim tab must be mounted such that the air paddle will attach at the “no action point”; that is, where the trim tab shaft intersects the axis of rotation of the rudder. This is important because if the air paddle is not attached at this point, the turning of the rudder will wag the air paddle back and forth resulting in poor performance. Hopefully the diagram below will make this clear:

For the gudgeons on the rudder I used 1″ thick pieces of ash which I cut like opened jaws to slide onto the trailing edge of the rudder. They were finally attached with through-bolts and plenty of 3M 5200. For the bottom gudgeon I drilled a slightly oversized hole for the shaft to drop down through. On the inside of the hole I put a few laminates of epoxy and fiberglass roving to minimize friction and make it snug (note: I’ve since inserted a nylon bushing, which works better).

Similarly for the upper gudgeon EXCEPT that I opened the hole to the outboard end so that it formed a “U” and then closed it with a small U-shaped piece of plywood bolted on top and facing inboard (see pics below). Why? So that the trim tab can be removed for servicing.

And finally there is a third gudgeon at the rudder head, which is simply screwed onto a wooden cleat mounted there, again so that it can be easily removed.

Now we have come to the issue of attaching the air paddle. First of all, the air paddle needs to be balanced. This means the axis where the trim tab shaft runs through it is also the center of mass, or if the shaft was held horizontally and the air paddle free to rotate it would not choose to do so absent any wind. Since the plywood air paddle has weight, this will require a counterweight for which I used a regular shaft zinc clamped to a wooden dowel.

With our air paddle and counterweight constructed the last remaining item is the engaging mechanism. I opted for the simplest possible, simply boring a hole up a rectangular piece of timber for the shaft to pass through, and then sawing about halfway up from the bottom (see above photo). The air paddle and counterweight are bolted at the top, while at the bottom, on either side of the bored shaft hole, are 1/4-20 bolts with big handles on them. The opposing nuts are set in epoxy. Thus the air paddle can freely turn on the shaft until I tighten the bolts, when it clamps onto the shaft and the windvane is thus engaged.

And that’s it. So far this vane has steered me over 30,000 miles. I can get it to work in winds down in the 3-6 knot range, and then it has steered the boat while running before a gale under bare poles. In order to work well in light airs the gudgeons must be greased from time to time. This can easily be accomplished in the water while donning a mask and snorkle. Just lift the trim tab up a few inches (it cannot actually pop out of the bottom gudgeon before the blade runs up against the upper gudgeon–with the little plywood cap on, of course), clean, grease, and set back down.

Now one peccadillo I have found with this type of steering vane is the tendency to over-steer. It tends to shove the helm too fast and too far on either side, causing the boat to sail a slalom course. One cure for this is to attach shock cords to your tiller lashings which will greatly dampen the effect. The size and setup of the shock cords will vary from boat to boat. Here is my current setup shown below:

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Marine Electronics

Deck-level Wind Vanes

Not just for small boats, these sensors put the fun back in shifty winds.

There are two primary wind indicators on a sailboat. First, we watch the sails. Sailing to windward we watch the jib for luffing and for flow on telltales.

On the main we watch for backwinding near the luff and for good flow on the leach ribbons. Off the wind we are more likely to watch the masthead fly, leading to an epic crick in the neck. More importantly, when sailing in a real breeze we like to keep our eyes near to the water, watching for other boats, the dip of the bow when pressed hard, and scanning for approaching gusts. Theres no time for more than a glance at the masthead. Ribbons on the shrouds help, but often they are too strongly influenced by dodgers and the sails themselves.

Single sail boats, such as Lasers and Optimus dinghies often clamp wind indicators on the forward side of the mast (see Practical Sailor, January 2018, Top Notch Wind Indicators ). Without a jib to interfere with windflow or to luff at every wind shift (thus serving as a wind vane), they give a real-time estimate of wind direction. Thirty years ago Frye developed the habit of watching a Davis Telo-cat indicator that hung suspended under the forestay bridle of his beach catamaran. There it was safe from sheets and sails and directly in sight as he watched the lee bow for signs of submarining, one of the greatest concerns of a beach cat sailor on a fast reach.

As he moved on to larger catamarans, he always found a place to mount the indicator on one of the bows. On his Stiletto 27, the conventional masthead flies mounted at the end of the bow worked fine. That was because, unlike many monohulls or other catamarans, the bows on the Stilletto are far outboard and extend three feet forward of the forestay, where they are relatively undisturbed by air flow.

It was a fast boat and the spinnaker was jibed inside (the sheets passed between the tack and the forestay) like a jib. As is the case with most performance cats, the boat moved so fast off the wind that the apparent wind was rarely if ever dead astern. Instead, the fastest course to steer in terms of velocity made good (VMG) often involved tacking downwind.

When he moved up to a cruising catamaran (PDQ 32), he developed an unbreakable wind indicator ( PS January 2018 ) that could withstand a regular flogging from spinnaker sheets. With his current trimaran (Corsair F-24) he has settled on a pair of wind indicators, port and starboard, since the deck-sweeping genoa blocks the view of the indicator on the off tack. This dual arrangement also ensures at least one of the flies is working in relatively clean air, undisturbed by the jib. On many boats these flies would be vulnerable to sheets during tacking, but in the case of the Corsair, they are protected from reacher and spinnaker sheets by the up-haul used to raise and lower the hinged bowsprit. As the sheets cross the bow, the up-haul keeps them clear of the flies.

Are these sensitive sensors affected by air flow over the jib? Certainly, but they are still extremely useful for adjusting to gusts and shifts. The mounting arm holds them out in front of the jibs luff, and by mounting them low on the bow rail, they escape most of the disturbed air. Even when the jib is close hauled, the distance between the fly and the sail on Fryes boat is at least two feet. On many cruising boats they can be mounted well below the jibs luff, allowing even greater clearance.

Observations

The primary function of these bow vanes is not fine-tuning or fine steering adjustments. These are made based on sail-mounted telltales and the look of the sails themselves. Their true value is showing gross changes in wind direction. As you pass through a tack or jibe, what is the approximate wind angle?

A leeward wind shift has stalled the sails, but how big an adjustment is ideal? You’ve just born away in a strong gust to stall the sails, but how far aft has the apparent wind moved?

Sure, you could glance at the masthead, but when things are happening fast, thats not where your eyes should be. When bearing off you should be watching the bow. When attacking or jibing at speed, the movement of the headsail across the foredeck, the motion of the boom, and the position of other boats are more important than looking up.

Just as importantly, new crew and beginning sailors love them. When anchoring or hoisting sails they don’t need to split their attention; Just keep that vane pointed forward. When sailing they avoid disorientation by looking in too many directions. Remember teaching your kid to drive and watching in horror as the car began to turn every time they turned their head to check a blind spot?

Other than preventing them from fouling with ropes, the greatest challenge can be reading them. It’s easy to judge the angle of a masthead fly when looking up, and bow flies are easy to read on a dinghy or beach cat because they are close. But when they are 20 feet away and viewed from the same level, judging the exact angle is difficult. Indicator arms help.

Deck-level Windvane Options

Weve tried several different brands and models and found something of merit in each of them. Our main criteria was durability, but we did not discern a great difference. All of the vanes are vulnerable to a hard wack, so in the end, the best vane for you will be the one that fits your installation needs.

DIY unbreakable

The do-it-yourself yarn indicator that we featured in January 2018 is perfect for locations where a sheet or sail may find the indicator. It bends rather than breaks. On the other hand, the yarn is sometimes plastered down by rain or spray, sometimes tangles, and the direction can be hard to read.

Bottom line: This is the Best Choice if everything else breaks, but otherwise inferior.

Sailsteady Indicator

Designed by a Laser sailor, the springy Sailsteady is the only vane sensor weve seen that can withstand the abuse of slatting sails and dragging sheets.

We mounted it on the deck of our Javelin and found that a jib will hang up on the vane in light airs, but if theres a good breeze, the vane flops down, lets the line or jib pass, and springs back into action undamaged. It is most useful on small one-designs that have clear foredecks.

Bottom line: Made in the United Kingdom, the Sailsteady offers an option for small boat sailors concerned about deck-sweeping jibs. It comes with one extra vane.

Davis Black Max

Based on the very successful Telo-cat, this black and yellow indicator has proven its durability over may decades of rough use. The clamp is optimized for a 1 -inch mast, but adjusts down to 3/4-inch pulpit rails. We wish the strut was steel rather than carbon, allowing it to be bent for leveling.

Bottom line: Recommended.

Davis Telo-cat

We started with this one over 30 years ago. Specifically designed for beach catamarans, it attaches to the forestay turnbuckle, though the bracket can be adjusted to other configurations. This location is safe from sheets on a beach cat, even with a chute. We used these for decades, always getting multiple seasons from them.

Bottom line: Recommended for beach cats.

Schaefer Marine Little Hawk MK II

Easy to mount, extremely sensitive and highly visible, it looks a little fragile. That said, we havent been able to break one in two seasons. It remains the most sensitive after a year of blasting through waves, even more sensitive than our masthead fly.

Bottom line: Our personal favorite and Best Choice.

Schaefer Marine Cat Hawk

Like the Telo-cat, the mounting is designed for the forestay turnbuckle of a beach cat, but we screwed it to a home built rail mounting block and took it sailing. It was more responsive than the Black Max, steadier than the Little Hawk MK II, and easier to read accurately. We wish the tail was more conspicuous; we may spray the tail yellow. The indicator arms were a little too easy to move, but were also the easiest to read. We wish it came with the Little Hawk Mark II mounting, though you can always bend the wand and secure it somehow.

Bottom Line: Recommended.

While not as unbreakable as the DIY version, it is easy to read and the top-and-bottom stays make it quite damage resistant. Bottom line. We wish it were more responsive.

We’ve been sailing with bow wind indicators for 35 years and we’ve yet to figure out why they are not popular outside the world of beach cat and dinghy sailing. They don’t replace a masthead fly or tell tales, but we all use the same wind and what could be more valuable than knowing where the wind is coming from?

Mounting options is clearly a consideration when choosing a deck-level vane. Several of the models we tested have deck mounts as well as spar mount, and rail mounts.

The the blue up-haul line protects the sensors on Drew Frye’s boat.
The C-Vane easily attaches to 1-inch rail
The mounting arm on the Schaefer Cat Hawk keeps in clean air.
The simple Mini Hawk II is perfectly balanced. It’s large vane responds well in light winds.

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Autopilot vs Windvane Self-Steering (Which Is Better)

Sailing by yourself can be a strenuous task. There are plenty of things that can go wrong and you will need to fix some of those immediately. Who is going to steer the boat when you need to fix something? Thankfully, we have multiple options these days when it comes to the boat steering itself.

This article will discuss Windvane self-steering and autopilot options for your sailboat. We will discuss how they work, the average cost, how to operate them, and which one we would recommend, so keep reading to find out more!

What Is A Self-Steering Windvane? (How it Works)

A Self-Steering Windvane is used on sailboats to maintain a chosen course of sail without constant human action on the wheel or tiller. The wind vane is locked in position after the boat has been put on course and the sails are trimmed correctly.

The self-steering windvane is a great invention that has helped sailors all over the world. It has allowed sailors to allow the boat to steer itself without any electronics needed. This is strictly a mechanical self-steering setup. There are two types of windvanes to be discussed, Servo-Pendulum and Auxillary Rudder.

Servo-Pendulum

The servo-pendulum setup involves using the boat’s current rudder. An enhancement if you will, of the servo-trim tab principle invented by Blondie Hasler, the servo-pendulum uses the speed of the boat going through the water to push against the servo-paddle, creating a substantial force, which is then transferred to the boat’s wheel by the control lines.

The servo paddle is not steering the boat exactly, it is controlling the boat’s wheel or tiller which then turns the main rudder. The main rudder was designed to steer the boat in all conditions and should be utilized whenever possible.

When it comes to selecting the best windvane there are a lot of options out there. One of the more popular options is the CapeHorn.

A great reason to select CapeHorn is because of its custom fittings. They can fit any sailboat out there and will custom design it to fit yours perfectly. Check out this video of a CapeHorn install by Sailing Uma! Subscribe to their channel as well, they make amazing videos.

This video showed a great install of the CapeHorn. They are quite handy and even accomplished this while floating out in the bay. They seem to make everything look easy. This is not the only option for windvanes though. Keep reading to find out about the Auxillary Rudder setup.

Auxillary Rudder

The auxiliary rudder is another very popular type of windvane system for sailboats. It does differ slightly from the servo-pendulum option in a few ways. The main difference between these two is that the auxiliary rudder setup actually steers the boat from the windvane, not like the servo that just turns the wheel. This option also has a secondary rudder or auxiliary rudder at the back of the boat attached to the windvane itself.

This is nice to have in case something were to happen to your main rudder rendering it inoperable. You could always use this as your backup. It even has an attachment so you can steer it by hand. One other great thing about this model is the off-center mounting option. Most people will have a swim ladder in the center of the transom, if that were the case, NO WORRIES, this can be mounted to the side of your transom. I think that is one of the coolest features of this setup. Check out the video below to see this Hydrovane in action.

As you can see from the video above this is a great windvane setup. It will depend on your actual situation and the boat you have to decide between a CapeHorn or a Hydrovane. Just remember to do your research. There are a lot more options out there. I just find these two to be the best.

Now that we have talked about a couple of different types of windvanes, the non-electric autopilots, let’s discuss an actual electric autopilot and see if they compare.

How Does Autopilot Work On A Sailboat?

Autopilots work with 4 components, a compass/sensor, an ACU (autopilot control unit), a control head, and a drive unit. When the control head is set to a specific heading, the drive unit will move the rudder according to the sensor, and keep the boat on the selected course.

There is a lot more detail and components to autopilot but the above description gets the point across. . There are other options that can steer the wheel or even a tiller, but the most common option is the one connected to the rudder.

Make sure to get the correct size autopilot for your specific sailboat

Yes, autopilots come in different sizes. Boats vary in size and so do autopilots. When you are out sailing and the sea starts to get rough, your autopilot motor will have to work harder to maintain the course, putting more strain on the motor. If the strain becomes too much it could fail and lose its course. You would then have to climb out of the cabin in the bad weather and take the helm. It is recommended to purchase an autopilot that is rated for 20% more than your boat’s total displacement. Remember 20% more, minimum.

This is why you need to check the manufactures rating and make sure it is sized for your vessel. I personally recommend getting one that’s a little bigger than needed to help compensate for those rough seas. If you are going to be lake sailing only, I wouldn’t worry so much about size, but for open oceans, then definitely make sure it will handle crazy waves and winds.

There are a couple of different types of autopilots, above deck and below deck. It’s pretty obvious what they mean but let me elaborate just a touch. Below deck autopilots will have the drive motor that moves the rudder accordingly. They are mounted in the hull of the boat near the steering mechanism. With this setup, you will need an autopilot controller mounted somewhere in the cockpit for setting your autopilot on the correct heading.

If you go with an above-deck type of autopilot it will be much easier to access and probably have the controller built into it. One example of this is the tiller autopilot. The tiller is mounted near the tiller and then attached to the tiller with the autopilot rod. The autopilot has the controller built in to set the course. There are also wheel autopilots that can be mounted above the deck as well.

Autopilots are great when they work. I have read a ton of articles and seen plenty of youtube videos about autopilots and it seems like they work half the time. You have to understand these are electrical devices with a motor and many different items can break. Most of the YouTubers that I follow have both a windvane and an autopilot for this very reason. I do know some people that haven’t had any problems with their autopilot so take everything I say with a grain of salt. I just prefer windvanes since they require no electricity, and are usually very easy to repair.

If you would like to watch a video about a marine autopilot and how it works check out the video below.

The video above gives a great description of how autopilot works and how to compare it to a human at the helm, which I thought was a great comparison.

If you have read this far you may be thinking which one should I get, a windvane or an autopilot. Keep reading to find out.

Is A Windvane Better Than An Autopilot? I Say Yes!

The windvane will keep your boat on the correct heading without electricity. There are no electric motors or wiring needed to operate a windvane. If the windvane were to fail, it would be much easier to diagnose the problem and fix it quickly at sea.

When it comes to deciding which option is better, I personally think windvanes are better. I like that they don’t require any electricity. This makes it great for those cloudy days at sea when you can’t charge your batteries.

They do great in rough seas and high winds. The autopilot will use more electricity when the seas are rough draining your batteries even more. If the winds get too much for the CapeHorn, they actually provide you with a stainless steel windvane to swap out. This windvane can handle those high winds with no problem.

Another thing to look at is the price!

You can expect to spend around $5000+ dollars for a winvane by CapeHorn or Hydrovane. This is definitely a lot of money to spend, but from what I have found, they can last a lifetime.

Autopilots tend to be a little cheaper. I found the Raymarine Evolution EV-200 Sailing Vessel Linear Autopilot Pack for $3699 dollars. This model is designed for a mid-size sailboat. The autopilot is definitely cheaper but if it breaks, how much will it cost to fix it?

I am not going to give you a huge list of the different types and prices because there are just too many factors that affect these two things. Just remember to do your research and shop around for the best price.

In Conclusion

This article discussed windvanes and autopilots and how they compare. Windvanes come in a couple of different options, servo-pendulum, and auxiliary rudder. The servo controls the wheel of the boat and the auxiliary controls the boat by becoming a second rudder. Both are good options, it will just depend on what you are looking for. The autopilots are usually a little cheaper but can break down more often. The price will depend on so many factors it is hard to say exactly. I recommend the windvane approach but that is my personal opinion. Do what is best for your situation always! Cheers!

Boatlifehq owner and author/editor of this article.

Windvane Steering

Windvane self-steering options fall into two categories, servo pendulum and auxiliary rudder. Servo pendulum solutions utilize your boat’s own rudder and as the name suggests, auxiliary rudder products work with a separate, independent rudder system.

We believe servo-pendulum systems like the Monitor are usually your best option. They are more powerful, and perform better across a wider range of conditions on most boats

You'll find a comprehensive review of the comparative merits of both systems at " Auxiliary Rudder vs. Servo-Pendulum " in our library.

At Scanmar, we manufacture the Monitor Windvane servo pendulum system, and the Saye’s Rig, which is often the best choice for very large boats with high freeboard.

Whatever your unique requirements, we have a self-steering solution for you.

Monitor Windvane

Saye's rig.

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Wind Vane Self Steering Gear

A wind vane self steering system is not an essential piece of equipment on a sail boat.

However, for anyone who sails alone or cruises short handed over long distances the benefits can be immeasurable.

Long tricks at the helm are exhausting, concentration wanes, essentials such as eating, trimming sails, navigating, sleeping etc are neglected.

Besides that, with a self-steering system set and the sails trimmed you will have time to relax and really enjoy the ride.

About Self Steering.

The Basic Mechanics.

Types of vane., building your own vane..

Your Comments

Self Steering Wind Vanes

The first time that a wind vane was used to cross an ocean it was on a motorboat, or so I'm told.

Today however, electronic auto pilots are much more reliable at holding a course and the power to drive them is not an issue as most engines are fitted with alternators which constantly produce electricity.

However, a wind vane gear is best solution for a sailing boat and not just because of the power issue.

Wind direction offshore tends to remain relatively constant over long periods, but there are always constant minor variations and gusts.

In order to keep the sails drawing at maximum efficiency, while maintaining a set autopilot course, they would have to be constantly trimmed.

Wind vanes on the other hand will slavishly follow any wind shifts, a good one will often do it better than most humans and do it for hour after hour without tiring.

As well as not requiring any battery power, the windvane does not have any complex electronics which, will be vulnerable to damp and that are unlikely to be repairable without spare parts.

Many of the simpler vane gears can usually be repaired or rebuilt using non-specific parts and lashings.

And you can even build one by yourself.

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to Search for books on Self Steering from an Independent Book Shop Near You.

Prior to the development of windvanes long distance sailors such as Joshua Slokum and Eric and Susan Hiscock relied on their boat’s natural ability to bold a course.

Others used systems of blocks and lines between the sails and the tiller.

One of the most common used setups for downwind sailing was using poled out twin headsails, with the sheets lead back to the tiller so that when the pull on one sail increased, the tug on the tiller would bring the boat back on course.

These methods required the sails to be set for balance rather than speed, which is fine for the cruising sailor.

However, the increased interest in long distance short handed racing prompted the development of vane gears.

In the first Singlehanded Transatlantic Race in 1960 all five entrants used vane gear.

The whole point of a wind vane steering gear is to provide feedback to the rudder so that the boat can remain at a set angle to the wind, 'in the groove'.

This will not be a steady compass course but a constant point of sail.
First you sail the boat on the desired compass heading.
Then you trim and balance the sails for this course.
Once the boat is trimmed the vane is set and the gear engaged to steer the boat on that point of sail.

So how does it work?

There are numerous variations to the mechanics of the linkages types of vane etc but they all work on the same basic principle.

The vane is set so that it is feathering when the boat is in her groove.

Any variation to this angle to the wind will cause the vane to rotate.

The linkages then transmit this rotation to the rudder in such a way as to bring the boat back on the desired heading.

With the boat back on its correct heading the vane and thus the rudder will return to its original position.

In theory the vane could be mounted anywhere where the wind across it is unobstructed.

However it has somehow to be connected to the rudder by some form of mechanical linkage, so the most logical position for it is on the transom.

And it is the linkage which performs the magic.

When the boat drifts off the wind the vane will rotate or flip with the wind, this movement then must be transmitted to the rudder as a turn in the opposite direction.

In the case of a simple vertically rotating vane, as the boat turns clockwise away from the wind direction the vane will rotate in and anti clockwise direction relative to the boat.

This rotation then needs to be transmitted to the rudder to turn it clockwise, relative to the boat, this will then turn the boat anti clockwise until she is back in the groove.

Once set up a vane gear can be very effective.

Setting up is however a matter of getting the balance correct.

Like your sails the wind vane needs to be set according to the apparent wind, the sails rudder and vane need to be in balance.

Because the vane is subject to the apparent wind it will be less effective on a run and in light airs.

In the very simplest of self steering vane gears as the vane pivots the movement is transmitted via lines directly to the tiller.

On others the vane acts directly on a secondary rudder.

However the force provided by a wind vane alone is rarely sufficient to make this system work with large boats.

To overcome this, variations such as the servo pendulum system, invented by "Blondie" Hasler have become widespread.

These systems harness the power derived from the motion of the boat through the water to help turn the rudder.

Vertical Trim-tab
Horizontal Trim-tab
Vertical Servo-pendulum
Horizontal Servo-pendulum

Vertical-Vane Trim Tab.

This is without doubt the easiest wind vane self-steering device to understand and build.

The vane is vertically pivoted and controls a trim tab on the rudder.

This can be either the main rudder or an auxiliary one.

I had this type of gear on my previous boat and it took me far and wide.

It isn't the most accurate of gears however with some judicious use of bungee to dampen any tendency to yaw it served me well.

Not only is it simple to build and operate but its very simplicity gives it an uncomplicated elegance.

When I built the new rudder for Mignonne I designed it so as to incorporate the vane gear.

Horizontal-Vane Trim.

This horizontal vane gear also operates on a trim tab.

However the vertical vane is set by turning it on its turret until the vane stands as nearly vertical as possible.

Because it tilts proportionally to strength as well as direction of the wind it is a more powerful version of the vertical-vane.

And there is less tendency for the boat to yaw.

Vertical- Vane Servo-pendulum.

On the vertical-vane servo-pendulum invented by Blondie Hasler, the vertical wind vane is connected to the servo blade.

As the pendulum, or servo blade, is turned by the vane it is forced aside by the its movement through the water.

It is this force which is then transferred to the tiller or wheel by means of the linkage.

The main advantages are that the stronger the wind, the faster the boat speed, the greater is the force is applied to the rudder.

Horizontal- Vane Servo-pendulum.

The servo-pendulum with a vertical wind vane has become the standard for most commercially produced wind vane systems.

While there are differences in their methods of transmission, the basic principle is the same.

The most popular among cruising sailors is the Monitor because of its rugged construction and because most parts can be fabricated and repaired relatively easily.

While these commercially produced systems are robust, perform silently and very near flawlessly on all points of sail, they are very expensive.

The easiest and least expensive type of boat to fit a wind vane to is one like Mignonne which has a transom-hung rudder and tiller.

This uses the vane to control a small trim tab on the trailing edge of the main rudder.

The trim-tap controls the main rudder in the same way a trim-tab works on an aeroplane wing.

As the tab turns in concert with the vane, the rudder is deflected in the opposite direction thus turning the boat.

If you are designing your own vane, whatever the style there are several details to keep in mind.

The vane must be as sensitive as possible, which usually means large and light.
Friction must be kept to a minimum, preferably with non corrosive bushing such as Teflon.
The tab needs to be narrow and deep yet clear of the bottom of the rudder to avoid damage.
Whatever linkage you use should not be affected by movement of the main rudder.

The vane I have used on Mignonne was inspired by an idea from one of Lin and Larry Pardey’s books.

Rather than use the usual plywood panel I made a wooden frame to support a sailcloth vane.

My vane like the rest of the boat is still very much a work in progress and the present vane really needs to be larger, I knocked it together from off cuts and leftover bit of sailcloth.

However, creating it to look like a small mizzen sail has the added advantage of fitting it into the overall look of the boat.

Also the light weight needs less of a counterbalance.

My main fear from using a trim-tab was how it would be affected when motoring astern.

The usual advice is to have a locking device to center the tab, but I know from experience how easy it is to forget something like that until it is too late.

So what I have done is attack the tab with enough clearance between it and the trailing edge of the rudder to allow it to rotate through 360 degrees.

This type of trim-tab also seems to work best where there is an angle between the axis of the rudder and tab pivots and if the linkage is sited where these cross.

Because the trim-tab turns in the same direction as the vane the linkage is direct.

The only provision needed is a method of allowing the vane to be set according to the wind direction.

I used a disc of a Tufnol like material which was relatively easy to shape yet is hard wearing, I have heard of someone who used a bicycle drive cog to good effect.

The latch is just a piece of metal hinged so that its own weight causes it to engage and it is controlled with a simple lanyard.

My greatest fear about using the wind vane is if I should fall overboard and have to watch my boat merrily sailing away form me.

OK, that can happen without self steering which is why I always (well nearly always) clip on when I'm sailing alone.

I have read suggestions about trailing a long line with a float on the end, umm, that’s ok if you are able to swim to it in time to catch it, I’ll stick to my harness and safety-line thanks.

And remember that while a wind vane might do a great job of helming your boat it won't keep a lookout, that’s still your responsibility .

However, I have found that being relieved of the need to helm allows me more time to look around.

And on the subject of looking around don’t forget that extra bit of gear sticking out of the transom when docking mooring and going astern.

Also remember that your vane can only react after the boat has moved off course, it isn’t able to anticipate the sea conditions or wind shifts.

If you do need to make an emergency course change the wind vane mechanism should be easy to disengage.

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IMAGES

Self Steering Wind vane S 470 Instalation examples
Windvane steering: why it makes sense for coastal cruising
Self Steering Windvane
Wind vane self steering from Mister Vee
The Hebridean wind vane self-steering gear
Sailboat wind vane self-steering system

VIDEO

A Flicka Sails Herself 3
Sail Life #short
Hebridean Wind Vane Control Lines
DIY Wind Vane Self Steering for Sailboats
46. Nor'Sea 27 "Evie Mae" Offshore Using the MONITOR Wind Vane For the Very FIRST TIME!
DIY Wind Sailing!

COMMENTS

Hydrovane Self Steering Windvane
Golden Globe Update Day 113: [GGR Leader Jean-Luc Van Den Heede sailing the Rustler 36 Matmut] was full of praise for his Hydrovane self-steering. "In a gale it has a big advantage because it is not steering the boat's rudder, but has its own. This little rudder is far more efficient than the big rudder.". - Jean Luc Van Den Heede on ...
Why You Need a Wind Vane for Your Sailboat
A sailboat wind vane is a mechanical self-steering system that requires no electricity, fuel, or manpower to operate. It's the perfect addition to bluewater cruisers and offshore sailboats. While a mechanical self-steering wind vane can't hold you on a compass course, they're more accurate than human steering over long distances.
Wind Vane Self Steering: The Ultimate Guide
A wind vane self steering system is an invaluable piece of equipment that allows sailors to maintain course without having to constantly adjust their sails or helm. This automated system harnesses the power of the wind to steer the boat, freeing up valuable time and energy for sailors to focus on other important tasks.
Sailing With a Windvane
Sailing With a Windvane. When it comes to simple, robust, reliable self-steering — especially in snarly weather — a mechanical windvane is hard to beat. Manufactured in Sweden since 1976, Sailomat windvanes employ the servo-pendulum system (SPS) and are available in models to fit yachts from 26 to 55 feet LOA. Courtesy of Sailomat.
Wind Vane self steering systems
This video explains, in simple terms, how wind vane self-steering systems work on yachts and sailboats. The video follows an easy flow from auxiliary rudder ...
Windvane steering: why it makes sense for coastal cruising
Self-steering gear achieves this by presenting a vane directly into the wind. When the wind acts on either side of this vane, it tips, transferring this action through the mechanism below to either a rudder or a servo pendulum which acts on the main rudder, altering the boat's course. The two main systems. Servo-pendulum
How to Properly Use a Windvane
The action of air vanes on most mechanical self-steering units is dampened by a counterweight set below the vane's pivot point. This helps keep the boat from yawing excessively, as the air vane is never truly edge-to-the-wind for more than an instant. In effect, it is the equivalent of the damping control found on most electronic autopilots.
Steering Wind Vane: A Guide to Efficient Sailboat Navigation
With a reliable steering wind vane guiding your sailboat's every move, you can leave behind tedious manual steering processes and truly immerse yourself in the joy of sailing. 2. Perfect Course Keeping: Maintaining a steady course while battling fickle winds can be exasperating even for seasoned sailors. Thankfully, with a well-calibrated ...
Wind Vane Steering: A Comprehensive Guide
Short answer: Wind vane steering Wind vane steering, a mechanical self-steering system, uses a wind vane to maintain the desired course of a sailing vessel. The wind's pressure on the vane adjusts the boat's rudder, allowing it to stay on track even when unmanned or during long voyages. How Wind Vane Steering Works: Understanding the
Build Your Own Self-Steering Windvane
For the short-handed sailor planning long ocean crossings, a self-steering windvane is not essential but darn close to it. For boats with stern-hung rudders, a self-steering windvane can be constructed with readily available materials and a modest level of skill. It's all about leverage. There will be an air paddle which will weathercock to the…
How Does A Sailboat Wind Vane Work?
The edge of the vane faces into the wind so that when the boat veers off course the vane topples over. That force is communicated to the rotating steering, which moves the tiller. The wind vane also connects to the water flowing past it. Together, these two forces work to steer the boat. The harder the wind blows and the faster the boat moves ...
Deck-level Wind Vanes
Bow Vanes. Single sail boats, such as Lasers and Optimus dinghies often clamp wind indicators on the forward side of the mast (see Practical Sailor, January 2018, Top Notch Wind Indicators). Without a jib to interfere with windflow or to luff at every wind shift (thus serving as a wind vane), they give a real-time estimate of wind direction.
SAILOMAT
The Ultimate in Sailboat Mechanical Self-Steering. Custom Design and Manufacturing. Worldwide sales. Factory Direct Since 1974. San Diego, California, United States. www.sailomat.com [email protected]. SAILOMAT is the world's leading professional design team and manufacturer specializing in state-of-the-art mechanical self-steering systems ...
Wind Vanes
Improve sailing performance with a wind indicator for your sailboat. A sailboat's wind vane, also called a spar or masthead fly, shows in real-time the direction of the apparent wind, which you can use to trim your sails and sail most efficiently. Available in a variety of sizes, wind direction tools are a must for sailboats and sailing dinghies.
Other Kits and Plans
Windvane Self Steering. The purpose of a wind-vane self steering device is to allow the skipper to do something other than sitting at the helm. While this is not practical for most un-ballasted small sailboats, a self steering device is an essential tool for the cruising sailor. Graham has been testing the wind vane on his Core Sound 17 Mark 3 ...
Autopilot vs Windvane Self-Steering (Which Is Better)
The wind vane is locked in position after the boat has been put on course and the sails are trimmed correctly. The self-steering windvane is a great invention that has helped sailors all over the world. It has allowed sailors to allow the boat to steer itself without any electronics needed. This is strictly a mechanical self-steering setup.
Windvane Selfsteering
Windvane self-steering options fall into two categories, servo pendulum and auxiliary rudder. Servo pendulum solutions utilize your boat's own rudder and as the name suggests, auxiliary rudder products work with a separate, independent rudder system. We believe servo-pendulum systems like the Monitor are usually your best option. They are ...
Windex
The WINDEX Wind Direction Indicator is an indispensible tool for sailors of all levels since it allows instant and accurate wind information at all points of sail. The WINDEX is a Swedish invention from 1964 that is currently sold in more than 40 countries across five continents. In total more than 1,500,000 WINDEX Wind Direction Indicators ...
Wind Vane Self Steering Gear for Sailboats
The Basic Mechanics. The whole point of a wind vane steering gear is to provide feedback to the rudder so that the boat can remain at a set angle to the wind, 'in the groove'. This will not be a steady compass course but a constant point of sail. First you sail the boat on the desired compass heading. Then you trim and balance the sails for ...
The Mechanical Windvane Market
The Mechanical Windvane Market. By the internet-testimony of their customers, the companies listed here seem to produce quality products, based on the positive reviews one finds on-line. Prices for a new unit range from $3,500 to $7,500 and up. I wanted to purchase and learn how to use a mechanical wind vane for my boat and, hopefully, trip to ...
Amazon.com: Sailboat Wind Vane
Keenso Sailboat Wind Vane, Marine Boat 304 Stainless Steel Weather Vane Wind Direction Indicator with Luminous Reflector for Yacht Sailboat Yard Boat/Yacht Spare Parts. 2.0 out of 5 stars 2. $45.62 $ 45. 62. Typical: $48.19 $48.19. FREE delivery Wed, Sep 20 . Or fastest delivery Tue, Sep 19 .
Amazon.com: Wind Vane Sailboat
Sailboat Metal Wind Vane for Yard, Vintage Weathervane, Hollow Wind Direction with Anti-Rust Coating Wind Vane for Yard for Outdoor Garden Roof Paddock Decoration,Style 1. $34.88 $ 34. 88. FREE delivery Feb 20 - Mar 11 . Only 18 left in stock - order soon.