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grade 11 reflection essay

Reflective Essay Writing

Reflective Essay Topics

Good Reflective Essay Topics For Your Paper

12 min read

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Reflective Essay: Step-by-Step Guide with Examples & Tips

How to Create a Reflective Essay Outline | Easy Guide with Examples

Are you staring at a blank page, struggling to find that perfect topic for your reflective essay? You're not alone. Many students often find themselves in this frustrating situation.

The pressure to come up with an original and thought-provoking idea can be daunting. It's not just about any topic; it's about finding one that resonates with you and your audience, one that sparks genuine reflection and insight. 

But fear not! 

In this comprehensive guide, we've got you covered. We've scoured the depths of creativity to compile an extensive list of reflective essay topics that will kickstart your writing journey. 

Let’s get started!

• 1. Reflective Essay Topics for Students
• 2. What is a Good Reflective Essay Topic?
• 3. How to Choose a Good Reflective Essay Topic?

Reflective Essay Topics for Students

When it comes to writing a reflective essay  as a student, choosing the right topic can make all the difference. It's not just about fulfilling an assignment; it's about engaging in meaningful self-reflection and personal growth. 

To help you, we've gathered a diverse selection of reflective essay topics tailored to student’s needs.

Reflective Essay Topics for Middle School

Middle School students often face challenges when they are required to write an essay. Therefore, for your help, we compiled some great essay topics.

Reflective Essay Topics for Grade 6

• My Most Memorable Field Trip
• A Challenging Homework Assignment and What I Learned
• The Person Who Inspires Me the Most
• My Favorite Family Tradition
• A Time I Overcame a Fear
• What I Would Change About My School
• The Importance of Kindness in My Life
• My Proudest Achievement So Far
• A Lesson I Learned from a Mistake
• The Role of Pets in Our Lives
• The Significance of Goal Setting in My Life
• A Personal Crisis That Taught Me Important Life Lessons
• The Journey of Building Self-Confidence and Self-Esteem

Reflective Essay Topics About Nature

• Watching animals at a zoo
• Swimming in a lake
• Running outdoors
• Your favorite animal
• Seeing a rainbow
• Diving in the ocean
• Mountain climbing 
• Witnessing a natural disaster
• What you like about sunsets
• A hike to remember

Reflective Essay Topics about Relationship

• When your parents punished you
• A time when you were embarrassed
• The time when you realized you are in love
• The role of friendship in my life
• Sharing secrets with your parents
• The time when you felt bad for your siblings
• Describe your relationship with a family member
• The qualities of your best friend
• Who is your role model in life and why?
• What makes a good relationship?

Reflective Essay Topics About Life Moments

• A Turning Point in My Life: How I Overcame a Major Challenge
• Reflecting on a Life-Altering Decision and Its Consequences
• A Moment of Personal Triumph: Celebrating My Achievements
• The Impact of a Life Lesson Learned Through a Difficult Experience
• A Memorable Family Gathering: What It Taught Me About Relationships
• Exploring the Role of Friendship in Shaping My Life Moments
• A Significant Loss: Reflecting on Grief and the Healing Process
• The Joy of Giving: A Life Moment of Acts of Kindness and Charity
• A Reflection on the Meaning of Life Through Moments of Solitude
• How a Travel Experience Changed My Perspective on Life

Best Reflective Essay Topics About Events

• Moving to a new city
• A college experience I will never forget 
• Visiting a museum or the zoo
• Renovating your room
• An unexpected gift
• When you first voted
• Going on a vacation
• An award ceremony you attended
• Going to another school 
• A proud moment 

Reflective Essay Topics About Places

• Your best online space
• Your favorite vacation spot 
• Your first trip abroad
• The place you would never want to visit 
• Your first hiking experience
• Places where you feel safe
• Your grandma’s house 
• A place where you used to hang out with your friends 
• The most special holiday
• Your favorite holiday destination

Personal Reflective Essay Topics for Higher English

• A Significant Life Event That Shaped My Perspective
• The Influence of Literature on My Understanding of the World
• Exploring the Impact of Family Dynamics on My Identity
• The Role of Personal Values in My Decision-Making Process
• My Journey Towards Becoming a More Effective Communicator
• The Impact of Traveling Abroad on My Cultural Awareness
• Overcoming Academic Challenges: Lessons Learned
• A Time I Challenged My Own Prejudices and Stereotypes
• The Role of Personal Relationships in My Emotional Growth
• Reflecting on My Growth as a Writer and Critical Thinker

Hobbies and Outdoor Activities Reflective Essay Topics

• Should I use my hobby to help others?
• Running outdoors.
• Swimming in the sea or lake
• Reading books
• A hobby that grew up into a career
• Listening to music
• A hobby or activity that I enjoy outside of school/work
• Mountain climbing
• Can my hobby help my mental health?
• Watching sunset 

Higher English Reflective Essay Topics 2023

• Your biggest lesson
• My attitude to free services.
• Did anyone predict the onset of COVID-19?
• The happiest time of your life
• What was your first date like?
• Why did I become a nurse?
• When you apologized for
• The rise of American sports.
• Best park in your town
• Experiencing scuba diving

Home and Family Reflective Essay Topics

• The last family gathering
• Why is family important in our life?
• Influence of family in your life
• When your new family member comes
• An amazing family reunion
• Your last quarrel with your parents
• Marriage and family therapy
• The attitude of leaving home
• Family and friends
• Parents and siblings 

What is a Good Reflective Essay Topic?

Here are the main elements of a reflective essay topic that stands out:

• Personal Link: It should connect with you on a personal level, touching on your experiences, feelings, and memories.
• Exploration: A good reflective topic has many layers, allowing you to dig deep and explore. It's much like the topics you'd choose for exploratory essays.
• Change and Growth: The best topics show your personal growth, illustrating how you've changed or developed.
• Being Unique: Your topic should be unique, showcasing your individual experiences and perspectives.

How to Choose a Good Reflective Essay Topic?

Choosing the right topic is the first step in learning how to write an essay . It can be a real challenge for many students. But here are some guidelines that can help you choose a perfect topic for your reflective essay. 

• It is always better to choose a topic on a familiar subject. Academic essay topics usually focus on some aspect of your life. So, if you choose a familiar topic, It will be easier for you to present your ideas. 
• Based on your studying and personal experiences, you could easily write on a topic that completely bores you. So, if you get bored while writing, think about how your readers will feel. So, a good approach is c hoosing a topic you are emotionally attached to or excited about . 
• Choose a topic that you can approach from a different angle. In this way, you can write about a unique perspective. Also, show off your personality in a way that will be more interesting to write. 

Once you have decided on the topic, start creating the reflective essay outline or begin writing your thesis statement  for the essay. 

If you are still unsure, stuck, or need expert help, our reflective essay writing  service will always be here to guide you. Our top essay writing service  can provide you with the best topics for writing a reflective essay.

Simply contact MyPerfectWords.com and get help from a legitimate essay writing service for your academic needs. 

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200 Best Reflective Essay Topics and Ideas for Students

What Is a Reflective Essay Exactly?

A reflective essay is a personal and introspective piece of writing where the author explores their thoughts, experiences, and emotions concerning a specific event, situation, or topic. Unlike more objective forms of writing, a reflective essay delves into the author's inner world, offering a subjective perspective on how a particular experience has impacted them. It involves thoughtful analysis, self-examination, and articulating personal insights, providing readers with a glimpse into the author's evolving understanding and growth. As described in our guide on how to write a reflection paper , it typically goes beyond a mere recounting of events, encouraging the writer to critically assess their own reactions and consider the broader implications of their experiences. Here are some interesting topics for a reflection paper:

• First-day jitters.
• Proud achievement.
• Role model impact.
• Learning from failure.
• Family gathering memories.
• Overcoming fear.
• The joy of giving.
• A book that resonated.
• Unexpected friendship.
• Turning point experience.

What is the best topic for reflection paper? It ultimately depends on your personal experiences, interests, and the depth of reflection you're willing to explore. However, a universally engaging and thought-provoking topic could be "The Most Influential Person in My Life." Reflecting on someone who has significantly impacted you allows for introspection, emotional depth, and the opportunity to explore the lessons and values you've gained from that relationship. Whether it's a family member, friend, mentor, or even an author, this topic can lead to a rich and meaningful reflection on personal growth and the importance of relationships in shaping our lives. Should you face difficulties with this task, use our essay writing service without hesitation.

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Tips for Choosing a Reflective Essay Topics

Selecting suitable topics for reflection is crucial to ensure a meaningful and engaging exploration of personal experiences. Here are some tips to help you choose the right reflective essay topic:

Reflect on Personal Experiences

• Consider events, moments, or experiences that had a significant impact on your life. Topics derived from personal experiences often lead to more genuine and introspective writing.

Identify Emotionally Charged Moments

• Look for moments that evoke strong emotions – positive or negative. Reflecting on emotionally charged experiences can result in more profound insights and connections with your audience.

Explore Lessons Learned

• Focus on situations where you gained valuable lessons or insights. Reflecting on personal growth and lessons learned allows for a deeper and more thoughtful exploration.

Consider Positive and Negative Experiences

• Reflect on both positive and negative experiences. While positive experiences can showcase achievements and growth, negative experiences provide opportunities to discuss challenges and resilience.

Think About Transformation

• Choose ideas for a reflective essay that involve personal transformation or a shift in your perspectives. Reflecting on transformative experiences often results in compelling narratives.

Connect to Personal Interests

• Consider topics related to your hobbies, passions, or interests. Writing about something you love can bring enthusiasm and authenticity to your reflective essay .

Think Beyond the Obvious

• Look beyond the obvious choices and consider unexpected or unconventional topics. This can add uniqueness to your essay and provide a fresh perspective.

Consider the Audience

• Think about who will be reading your essay. Choose a topic that not only resonates with you but also has the potential to engage and connect with your audience.

Brainstorm and Freewrite

• Take time to brainstorm and freewrite on different potential topics. This process can help you uncover hidden thoughts and memories that might make compelling essay subjects.

Seek Feedback

• Share your potential topics with friends, family, or peers. Getting feedback can help you gauge the level of interest and emotional resonance your topics may have with others.

Remember that the best reflective essay topics are those that allow for genuine introspection, evoke emotions, and provide valuable insights into your personal growth and development. Sounds a bit difficult? Maybe you should buy essay online to avoid the hassle. Now, let’s explore what are good topics for a reflection paper? 

Ask Yourself These Questions Before Writing a Reflection Essay

Before writing a reflection essay, consider asking yourself the following questions to guide your thought process and ensure a meaningful and well-structured document. These reflection paper topics can serve as a foundation for your writing, guiding your exploration of the chosen experience and ensuring a thoughtful and insightful narrative.

• What Experience Am I Reflecting On?  

Identify the specific experience, event, or moment that you want to reflect on. Clarify the details and context to provide a clear foundation for your essay.

• Why is This Experience Significant to Me?  

Explore the personal significance of the chosen experience. Consider why it stands out and how it has influenced your thoughts, feelings, or actions.

• What Emotions Are Connected to This Experience?  

Reflect on the range of emotions associated with the experience. Identify both positive and negative feelings, and consider how they have impacted your perspective.

• What Did I Learn from This Experience?  

Delve into the lessons or insights gained from the experience. Consider how it contributed to your personal growth, knowledge, or understanding of yourself and others.

• How Has This Experience Shaped My Beliefs or Values?  

Examine the impact of the experience on your beliefs and values. Reflect on any changes or reaffirmations in your personal principles as a result.

• In What Ways Did I Overcome Challenges ? 

If the experience involved challenges, reflect on how you navigated through them. Consider the strategies you used, the lessons learned, and the personal strengths that emerged.

• How Did Others Contribute to or Impact This Experience?  

Consider the role of others in the experience – family, friends, mentors, or even strangers. Reflect on how their presence or actions influenced your perception of the event.

• What Would I Do Differently If I Could Relive This Experience?  

Contemplate any regrets or aspects you would change if given the opportunity to relive the experience. Reflecting on what you might do differently adds depth to your analysis.

• What Cultural or Societal Factors Influenced My Experience?  

Consider the broader context in which the experience occurred. Reflect on any cultural or societal influences that played a role in shaping your perceptions and reactions.

• How Can I Connect This Experience to Larger Themes or Concepts?  

Explore how the personal experience connects to broader themes, concepts, or universal truths. Consider the implications of your reflections beyond your individual perspective. If you ask yourself the question, ‘Who can write my college admissions essay today?’, then you definitely should turn to our experts for help.

200 Reflection Essay Topics

In this section, we open the gateway to hundreds of thought-provoking reflection essay topics that will inspire you to delve deep into your experiences, emotions, and insights. Each topic is a key that unlocks the door to your unique narrative, offering an opportunity to reflect on the moments that have shaped your journey. From the mundane to the extraordinary, these prompts are designed to spark introspection, encouraging you to uncover valuable lessons, celebrate personal growth, and connect with readers on a profound level. So, let the journey of self-discovery begin as you explore each reflective essay topic, waiting to unveil a new facet of your story. 

20 Reflective Essay Topics on Religion

Religious aspects of our living are always a good source of inspiration when looking for topics for reflection essay. Here’s a collection of reflection paper topics religion writers can explore.

• My personal journey with faith.
• The role of prayer in my life.
• Lessons learned from religious texts.
• Religious celebrations: Meaning and significance.
• Navigating doubts and questions about faith.
• The influence of religious community on beliefs.
• Reflecting on spiritual growth over time.
• Religious tolerance and understanding others.
• Exploring different religious practices.
• The impact of religious education on my values.
• Religious artifacts: Symbols of belief.
• Coping with challenges through faith.
• Rituals and traditions in religious observance.
• Personal experiences with miracles or divine moments.
• How religious values shape ethical decision-making.
• Interfaith relationships.
• The significance of religious holidays.
• Contributions of religion to personal well-being.
• Balancing religious identity with modern life.
• Reflections on a pilgrimage or spiritual journey.

20 Case Study Reflection Paper Topics

Looking for great topics for reflection? Please consider these case study reflection paper topics that will fit more complex papers rather than essays.

• Effective communication in a team setting.
• The impact of online learning on student engagement.
• A successful small business marketing strategy.
• Teamwork in a volunteer project.
• Leadership styles in a community organization.
• Customer satisfaction in a local restaurant.
• Addressing conflict in a student group project.
• Implementing green practices in a small office.
• Adapting to change in a family-owned business.
• Balancing work and personal life.
• Strategies for time management in college.
• Successes and challenges of a local event planning business.
• Improving customer support in an e-commerce company.
• Enhancing employee morale in a retail store.
• Overcoming obstacles in a community health initiative.
• Lessons from a nonprofit's outreach campaign.
• Adapting to remote work.
• The evolution of a social media marketing strategy.
• Improving workplace diversity and inclusion.
• Enhancing team collaboration in a school project.

20 Good Reflective Essay Topics About Public Health

Are you a student of medicine? Review the following public health reflection paper topics if you want to present the audience with insightful information. To make your paper stand out, these topics for reflection are your best shot.

• The impact of health education programs in communities.
• Reflecting on personal wellness choices and habits.
• Public health campaigns.
• Navigating challenges in access to healthcare services.
• The role of technology in improving public health outcomes.
• Personal experiences with preventive healthcare measures.
• The influence of socioeconomic factors on health.
• Lessons from volunteering in public health initiatives.
• The importance of mental health awareness.
• Reflections on global health issues and disparities.
• Personal contributions to community health improvement.
• Public health crisis response.
• Reflecting on the impact of nutrition education.
• Addressing health inequities in local communities.
• Balancing personal and community health goals.
• The role of public health policies in daily life.
• Personal reflections on vaccination and immunization.
• The influence of environmental factors on health choices.
• Navigating health challenges in a pandemic.
• Lessons from personal experiences with healthcare systems.

20 Easy Reflective Essay Topics on Psychology

Check out these easy psychology reflection paper topics that will definitely create a positive impact on your readers.

• Self-discovery through personality tests.
• Coping mechanisms for stress and anxiety.
• The impact of childhood experiences on adult behavior.
• Personal growth through therapy or counseling.
• Overcoming phobias: A journey to fearlessness.
• The role of positive affirmations in mental well-being.
• The influence of social media on self-esteem.
• Reflections on the power of empathy in relationships.
• Personal insights from dream analysis.
• The impact of music on mood and emotions.
• Exploring the connection between physical and mental health.
• Coping with grief and loss: Reflections on the healing process.
• The importance of mindfulness in daily life.
• The psychology of habits: Breaking and forming patterns.
• Examining personal biases and stereotypes.
• Overcoming procrastination: A psychological perspective.
• Personal reflections on the nature vs. nurture debate.
• The influence of peer pressure on decision-making.
• The role of resilience in overcoming life challenges.
• Personal reflections on the power of positive thinking.

20 Sociology Reflective Essay Topic Ideas

If you’re studying medicine, these mental health reflection paper topics can demonstrate the direction your composition should follow.

• The role of technology in modern relationships.
• Cultural diversity: Lessons from personal experiences.
• Education's impact on social mobility: A personal view.
• Navigating stereotypes in everyday life.
• Family dynamics and personal values.
• Challenging gender norms.
• Social institutions and their influence on behavior.
• Social class and its effect on opportunities.
• Globalization: Changes in local communities.
• Personal involvement in social activism.
• Group dynamics: Lessons from personal experience.
• Racial and ethnic diversity in daily life.
• Religion's impact on personal values.
• Workplace dynamics and social hierarchies.
• Immigration and cultural integration.
• Coping with stigma: Mental health and society.
• Advocating for social justice.
• Mass media's influence on public opinion.
• Social change and its effect on identity.
• Friendship across social strata.

20 Family-Related Reflective Essay Topic Ideas

Have you ever considered doing a reflective essay on a family-related topic? You definitely should!

• The impact of family traditions on my values.
• Lessons learned from sibling relationships.
• A memorable family vacation and its significance.
• How family meals strengthen bonds.
• Navigating generational differences in family dynamics.
• Reflecting on a challenging family situation.
• The role of communication in a healthy family.
• The influence of parents on personal growth.
• Celebrating special occasions with family.
• Nurturing strong sibling connections.
• The impact of extended family on my upbringing.
• Lessons from family elders: Wisdom passed down.
• Overcoming disagreements within the family.
• Family game nights: Fun and bonding.
• The role of pets in family relationships.
• The significance of family support during challenges.
• Family rituals and their meaning.
• Navigating changes in family dynamics over time.
• Reflecting on parental guidance and its effects.
• Cherished memories with family members.

20 Reflective Essays Topics on Relationships

Relationships have always been a great source for topics for reflection paper. Here are some brilliant reflective essay ideas for you.

• The impact of childhood friendships on adult relationships.
• Lessons learned from a challenging friendship.
• The dynamics of sibling relationships.
• Navigating highs and lows in a romantic relationship.
• The role of communication in healthy friendships.
• Reconnecting with old friends.
• Overcoming misunderstandings with a family member.
• How social media influences modern relationships.
• Maintaining long-distance friendships.
• The significance of trust in personal relationships.
• A mentor's influence on my personal growth.
• Balancing independence and togetherness in a partnership.
• The impact of cultural differences on relationships.
• The evolution of a friendship over time.
• Learning from a relationship breakup.
• The supportive role of friends during difficult times.
• The importance of boundaries in healthy relationships.
• Exploring generational differences in family bonds.
• Building stronger connections through shared hobbies.
• Reflecting on the meaning of true friendship.

20 Personal Experience Reflective Essay Topics

Sharing your personal experiences is a great idea for brainstorming personal reflection paper topics.

• A valuable lesson I learned.
• My most memorable achievement.
• Facing and conquering a fear.
• The impact of a meaningful friendship.
• Unforgettable travel moments.
• Coping with loss and moving forward.
• Making a tough decision: What I learned.
• A day I'll always remember.
• Finding joy in small successes.
• Lessons from my pet companion.
• First job experience reflection.
• Changing perspectives: An eye-opening encounter.
• Cherished family traditions.
• Confronting and overcoming a challenge.
• Expressing myself through art.
• Humbling experiences in volunteering.
• From hobby to passion.
• Overcoming stage fright.
• Cultural exchange insights.
• Wisdom gained from a mentor.

20 Good Reflective Essay Topics About Events

To draw inspiration for your topics for reflection, consider current events in the world. These would make a great idea for a reflective essay.

• My best birthday party.
• Family picnic memories.
• What graduation taught me.
• A fun day at the fair.
• First concert excitement.
• Favorite summer vacation.
• Learning from a sports event.
• Wedding reflections.
• Job interview insights.
• Volunteering adventures.
• Festival fun and lessons.
• Moving to a new place.
• Surprise moments I cherish.
• Personal achievement reflection.
• Impact of a historical moment.
• Best friend's wedding.
• Reflecting on a job promotion.
• Lessons from a school trip.
• Holiday celebrations: A family tradition.
• Overcoming a personal challenge.

20 Reflective Essay Topics About Nature

Nature is one of the most fascinating things in life, and it is a great source of inspiration for your reflective essay.

• Nature's effect on my mood.
• A peaceful walk in the woods.
• What animals taught me.
• Seasons changing: A thoughtful look.
• My special outdoor spot.
• Sunset and sunrise serenity.
• Learning from nature's classroom.
• A day without screens.
• Exploring nature's sounds.
• Drawing inspiration from flowers.
• Lessons from bees.
• Adventures in the wilderness.
• Butterflies and life changes.
• Reflections by the river.
• Contemplating the night sky.
• Gardening: From seed to bloom.
• Finding peace by the lake.
• Mountains and personal challenges.
• Nature's resilience and growth.
• Cloud watching for creativity.

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6 Tips to Writing a Solid Reflection Paper (With a Sample Essay)

A reflection paper is an essay that focuses on your personal thoughts related to an experience, topic, or behavior. It can veer toward educational as a reflection of a book you've read or something you've been studying in class. It can also take a more professional slant as you reflect on a certain profession or your experiences within that profession.

A lot of students enjoy writing this type of essay, especially if they find it easy to discuss their feelings and experiences related to a topic or profession. However, some students find this type of subjective writing to be difficult and would rather a more objective writing assignment.

Whether you're the former or the latter, for this article, we're going to look at 6 tips for writing a solid reflection paper that will help you get through the outlining and writing processes. We've also provided a sample reflection paper so you can see these tips in action.

Tip #1—Choose a topic you're passionate about

However you choose to focus your reflection paper, if you're able to choose your own topic, choose one that is highly interesting to you or that you find important. You'll find that your paper will be much easier to outline and draft if you do. There are a range of potential topics that have been used or have the potential of turning into a great reflection paper. Here are a few suggestions:

• Describe your internship experience.
• Discuss a recent book you read that changed you.
• What is "family" to you and why?
• What are some of the qualities demonstrated by your favorite employers and/or managers? What makes them your favorite?
• Discuss music that has altered your way of thinking or made you see the world from a different perspective.
• Reflect on your favorite memory of a pet or loved one.

Tip #2—Outline your reflection paper before you write

Be sure to outline your reflection paper first before you start to write. Even though this sort of essay is written as a personal reflection, you'll still need to make sure you stay on topic and organize your writing in a clear, logical way. As with other traditional essays, there should be an introduction with a thesis statement, a body, and a conclusion. Each paragraph within your body should focus on a different sub-topic within the scope of your overall topic.

Tip #3—Write in first-person singular

Write in first-person singular. Format the essay according to your teacher's instructions, using whatever citation style required. Your teacher will likely request that it is double-spaced, with 1" indentation in each margin, in 12 pt. font. Also keep in mind that most reflection papers will be around 750 words or less.

Tip #4—Avoid too much description

Avoiding adding too much description of events. This is not the kind of essay where you need to discuss a play-by-play of everything that happens. Rather, it is the kind of essay that focuses on your reflection of the topic and how you felt during these experiences.

Tip #5—Avoid colloquial expressions or slang

Avoid colloquial expressions or slang—this is still an academic assignment. Also, be sure to edit your essay thoroughly for any grammar or spelling mistakes. Since a reflection paper is written in first-person point of view, it's easy to mistake it for an informal essay and skip the editing. Regardless of the type of essay you submit to your professor, it should always be edited and error-free.

Tip #6—Critical reflection goes deeper

If your assignment asks you to write a critical reflection paper, it is asking for your observations and evaluations regarding an experience. You'll need to provide an in-depth analysis of the subject and your experience with it in an academic context. You might also provide a summary, if the critical reflection paper is about a book or article you've read.

Sample reflection paper

My student teaching experience with the Master's in Education program has been a great learning opportunity. Although I was nervous at first, it didn't take long to apply lessons I have been learning in my academic program to real-world skills such as classroom management, lesson planning, and instruction.

During my first week of student teaching, I was assigned a mentor who had been teaching middle school grades for over 12 years. She assured me that middle school is one of the most difficult grades to teach and that there is a high turnover rate of teachers, which worried me. However, once the week got started and I began to meet the students, my fears abated. These young people were funny, inquisitive, and eager to begin reading the assigned book, Lord of the Flies —especially after we started with a group project scenario that included kids being stranded on an island without adults.

The first few weeks of applying classroom management skills I had read about in my Master's program were a definite learning experience. I had read enough about adolescent development to know that they were not yet at the age where they were able to control all of their impulses, so there were moments when some would yell out an answer or speak without raising their hand first. So, at my mentor's suggestion, I worked with the students to create their own classroom rules that everyone would agree to abide by. Since they played a role in coming up with these rules, I believe it helped them take more personal responsibility in following them.

When we finished that initial group project, I began to see how tasks such as lesson planning—and plans that have to be turned in to the administration weekly—can easily become overwhelming if not worked out on the front-end of the semester. My mentor explained that most seasoned teachers will work on their lesson plans over the summer, using the proper state curriculum, to have them ready with the school year begins. Having scrambled to get my lesson planning done in time during the first few weeks, I saw the value in this and agreed with her that summertime preparation makes the most logical sense. When the school year gets started, it's really a whirlwind of activities, professional development and other events that make it really difficult to find the time to plan lessons.

Once the semester got well underway and I had lesson planning worked out with as little stress as possible, I was able to focus more on instructional time, which I found to be incredibly exciting. I began to see how incorporating multiple learning styles into my lesson, including visual, auditory and kinesthetic learning styles, helped the students stay more actively engaged in the discussion. They also enjoyed it when I showed them short video clips of the movie versions of the books we were reading, as well as the free-write sessions where they were able to write a scene and perform it with their classmates.

Finally, my student teaching experience taught me that above all else, I have truly found my "calling" in teaching. Every day was something new and there was never a dull moment—not when you're teaching a group of 30 teenagers! This lack of boredom and the things I learned from the students are two of the most positive things for me that resulted from the experience, and I can't wait to have my own classroom in the fall when the school year begins again.

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11.1: Self-Reflection Essay

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Coffee, With a Side of Deadline Hectoring

By Ann Tashi Slater

The New Yorker, December 26, 2022

The Restaurant With Many Orders

By Kenji Miyazawa

Translation by Wikisource , April 20, 2021

Introduction

Tokyo's Manuscript Writing Café admits only procrastinating writers facing a deadline. Customers can order coffee with either occasional polite check-ins from the staff or someone to stand over them as they work. Click on the title link to read Ann Tashi Slater's article describing how some customers use the café. Part of the owner's inspiration for the Manuscript Writing Café was a 1924 short story about another eating establishment which provided a different type of orders to its customers. Click on the title link to read the story.

When you've read both articles, consider the questions below.

Exercise \(\PageIndex{1}\)

• Describe the different meanings of the word "order" in the Manuscript Café. How do these meaning differ from the types of "order" provided in the Wildcat House Restaurant in the story "The Restaurant With Many Orders"?
• Do the customers in each reading react negatively or positively to receiving orders?
• Why do the two gentlemen in the Wildcat House Restaurant respond to increasingly odd orders by repeatedly saying, "Really important people must come here."
• Are you a procrastinator? Would a person monitoring your writing progress and giving orders be a motivator? Why or why not?
• Did you ever use a tutor to cram for a test? If yes, did the tutor or the deadline of meeting with a tutor help you stay on deadline?
• In what ways could you argue that the Manuscript Writing Café would be ineffective, inequitable, or otherwise not useful to students?
• What would improve the Café's ability to help students finish their work?

Ideas for Writing

• What tasks might you typically procrastinate? Do you ever procrastinate writing assignments? What causes you to procrastinate--no time, difficult assignments, or other reasons?
• Imagine what type of Café could help you get started on a task. It could be modeled on the Manuscript Café or it could provide other services to help with problems that prevent you from doing schoolwork, such as tutors or workers to help you with job or family responsibilities, for example.

Works Cited

Slater, Anne Tashi. "Coffee With a Side of Deadline Hectoring." The New Yorker, 26 Dec. 2022, www.newyorker.com/magazine/2023/01/02/coffee-with-a-side-of-deadline-hectoring. Accessed 2 Jan. 2023.

Wikisource contributors. "Translation:The Restaurant With Many Orders." Wikisource , 30 Apr. 2021, The Restaurant With Many Orders - Wikisource, the free online library [en.wikisource.org] . Accessed 2 Jan. 2023.

Reflective Writing Worksheets

Start To Finish

End Of School Year

The New Year

Read And Relate

Change For The Better

Reflective Essay

Recount And Reflect

Create An Outline

An Extended Break

Preparation Questions

Evaluation Checklist

Addressing Injustice

What I Wish I Knew

My Best Quality

The Hard Way

All about these 15 worksheets.

This series of 15 worksheets is a transformative resource designed to guide students on a journey of self-reflection, introspection, and personal growth through the power of writing. These worksheets provide students with a structured framework to explore their thoughts, feelings, and experiences, enabling them to develop self-awareness, gain valuable insights, and express their reflections in a meaningful and introspective manner.

The exercises offer a variety of prompts and are designed to engage students in reflective writing. These activities encourage students to contemplate their past experiences, analyze their emotions and thoughts, evaluate their personal growth, and make connections between their experiences and the world around them. Through these worksheets, students will:

• Consider specific aspects of their experiences, such as their thoughts, emotions, actions, and lessons learned;
• Engage readers by creating vivid descriptions as they retell their own experiences that convey their reflections effectively;
• And be encouraged to evaluate their reflective writing and provide constructive feedback to themselves.

This series is suitable for students across different grade levels and can be incorporated into language arts classes, creative writing workshops, or personal development activities. By using these worksheets, teachers provide their students with a powerful tool for self-expression, self-discovery, and personal growth.

Through the writing prompts in this series, students develop strong writing skills, critical thinking abilities, and self-awareness. These worksheets also empower students to reflect on their experiences, gain valuable insights, and express themselves authentically. In summary, this Reflective Writing worksheets series fosters personal growth, emotional intelligence, and the ability to articulate thoughts and reflections in a way that resonates with both the writer and the reader.

How to Write a Reflective Essay

At some point in your college career, you’ll likely be asked to write an essay that requires reflection. Reflective essays are exactly what they sound like – they require the student to reflect on the past, present or future and make judgments based on personal experience and opinion.

The process of writing a reflective essay can be daunting, especially if you are not used to thinking critically about your own experiences. However, the rewards of reflectively writing an essay are well worth the effort. A reflective essay allows you to step back and consider your life and what you have learned from your experiences. It can help you gain insights into yourself and others and also serve as a catalyst for positive personal growth.

While reflective essays might seem intimidating if you’ve never written one before, this step-by-step guide will help you organize your thoughts and communicate them effectively to readers.

The First Step – Choose Your Topic

The first step in writing an essay is deciding your topic.

Ask yourself: What do I want to write about? What do I feel strongly about? What are my views on certain subjects or issues? The point of a reflective essay is that you write from your perspective, so your choice of topic will be extremely important.

In addition, because you have to refer back to your experiences and opinions as you progress through writing an essay, it’s imperative that your topic be something that interests you and that you feel passionate about.

Remember – there’s no right or wrong answer when picking out a topic!

The Second Step – Organize Your Thoughts

Once you’ve decided what topic or topics most affect or interest you, narrow it down into three different arguments. Then take out an example sheet of paper and write each argument on its page, outlining as much detail as possible.

You’re not writing anything just yet; all you’re doing right now is jotting down notes and getting your ideas down on paper. This can be done in any way you like, whether it’s an essay planner, mind map or bullet point list.

But make sure you have a general structure for your essay covering all its key elements, as it will make it easier for you to create and develop your draft.

The Third Step – Write the Draft of Your Essay

The third step is drafting your reflective essay.

Many students struggle with this stage, but it doesn’t have to be difficult. The goal of your draft is simply to write down everything you can remember about your experience relevant to your topic and add any details or side notes that occur to you during drafting. This may sound easy, but many people find it challenging to know what they should include and exclude.

The Fourth Step – Revise the Draft

Once you’ve written your draft, take some time away from it and come back fresh. Now, try and read your essay through another person’s eyes. If you can give it to somebody else (who will not be shy about criticizing you!), that is even better.

Take note of any spelling errors or places where things are unclear. Don’t let all those extra words creep into your work – cut out unnecessary clauses and phrases!

The Fifth Step – Proofread and Edit Your Essay

Any good writer knows that the final step to writing an excellent essay is taking the time to proofread and edit your work. This means carefully checking for grammar and spelling errors and ensuring that your argument flows smoothly. It can also be helpful to read your essay aloud, as this can help you to spot any awkward phrasing or unclear sentences.

Proofreading and editing are essential to essay writing, so treat them as such.

• Technical advance
• Open access
• Published: 25 September 2020

Grading reflective essays: the reliability of a newly developed tool- GRE-9

• Nisrine N. Makarem 1 ,
• Basem R. Saab 1 ,
• Grace Maalouf 1 ,
• Umayya Musharafieh 1 ,
• Fadila Naji 1 ,
• Diana Rahme 1 &
• Dayana Brome 2  

BMC Medical Education volume  20 , Article number:  331 ( 2020 ) Cite this article

3578 Accesses

2 Citations

Metrics details

The main objective of this study is the development of a short reliable easy-to-use assessment tool in the aim of providing feedback to the reflective writings of medical students and residents.

This study took place in a major tertiary academic medical center in Beirut, Lebanon. Seventy-seven reflective essays written by 18 residents in the department of Family Medicine at the American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC) were graded by 3 raters using the newly developed scale to assess the scale reliability. Following a comprehensive search and analysis of the literature, and based on their experience in reflective grading, the authors developed a concise 9-item scale to grade reflective essays through repeated cycles of development and analysis as well as the determination of the inter-rater reliability (IRR) using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) and Krippendorff’s Alpha.

The inter-rater reliability of the new scale ranges from moderate to substantial with ICC of 0.78, 95% CI 0.64–0.86, p  < 0.01 and Krippendorff’s Alpha was 0.49.

Conclusions

The newly developed scale, GRE-9, is a short, concise, easy-to-use reliable grading tool for reflective essays that has demonstrated moderate to substantial inter-rater reliability. This will enable raters to objectively grade reflective essays and provide informed feedback to residents and students.

Peer Review reports

Reflective practice within medical education is considered an essential aspect of lifelong self-directed learning becoming a crucial element of the medical program at all its levels aiming towards a competence-based curriculum [ 1 ]. The idea of reflective practice was first established by Schon in 1987 and characterized by three stages: awareness of thoughts and feelings, critical analysis of a condition, and development of a new viewpoint of the situation [ 2 ]. Hence, it follows that reflection allows the development and integration of new knowledge into practice leading to the core experience of greater professional competence [ 3 ]. A growing body of research with regard to reflection in the medical education literature highlighted the relationship between reflective capacity and the enhancement of physician competence [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ].

Given the beneficial consequences of reflection [ 8 ], medical educators have sought to explore a variety of methods for fostering and assessing reflection in learners, ranging from one-to-one mentoring [ 9 ] to guided discussions [ 10 ], digital approaches like video cases [ 11 ] and written methods like reflective portfolios, journal and essay writings [ 9 , 12 ]. Reflective writing was reported to be one of the most extensively and widely used forms of reflective teaching in medical education [ 13 , 14 ]. Reflective capacity within these reflective writing exercises can be assessed through various qualitative and quantitative tools [ 15 ]. Despite the presence of diverse methods, there is still a lack of best practices [ 15 ]. With the proliferation of reflective writing in promoting and assessing reflection [ 16 ], the need for a valid and reliable evaluative tool that can be effectively applied to assess students’ levels of reflection was strongly called for [ 17 ].

Existing modalities of reflection evaluation identified in the literature include scales (“paper and pencil” forms with responses scored by respondents), qualitative analysis including thematic coding and more elaborate analysis moving beyond themes into models, and analytical instructional rubrics (theory-based delineation of dimensions or levels of an assessed construct) [ 17 ]. Given that quantitative tools are primarily used in research for curriculum improvement and to guide feedback in reflection practice, analytic rubric assessment tools are extensively chosen in assessing reflective writings [ 15 ]. These rubrics provide a precise data with multiple reflective dimensions that educators can reference to when presenting feedback [ 15 ] leading to a remarkable improvement in reflective capacity of students [ 18 ].

These analytic rubric models are based on theoretical frameworks [ 17 ]. Of the major theoretical foundations is Mezirow’s (1991) reflective taxonomy which explains reflection as a basis for the transformative process in learning [ 19 ]. Theoretical foundations for such analytic rubrics also include Schon’s (1983) [ 20 ] focus on progression from knowing-in-action, to reflection-in-action, experimentation and reflection-on-action (post-experience reflection) as well as Boud and colleagues’ (1985) accentuation on feelings in the reflective process [ 21 ]. For instance, Kember et al. [ 22 ] proposed four methodological requirements for the measurement reflection tool. These incorporated the focus and direct assessment of reflection, the avoidance of construct-irrelevant variances in the conceptualization of the reflection themes, the specified detail of the method and procedure to ensure transparency and replication and an obtainment of an appropriate testing of reliability. Their methodological requirements were mainly based on Mezirow’s (1991) conceptualization of reflection [ 12 ] and they incorporated four categories: habitual action, understanding, reflection and critical reflection.

Notable limitations and challenges with regard to the available coding systems and tools used in the analysis and assessment of reflective writings are documented in the literature [ 17 ]. Some published rubrics for reflective narrative analysis are limited in scope as well as in validity [ 23 , 24 , 25 ]. Others lack a reliable structured worksheet that assesses levels of reflection, are relatively difficult, and are low on reliability outcomes [ 16 , 26 ]. Quantitative evidence supporting the psychometric properties of some of these reflective assessment tools is limited [ 5 ], with evidence regarding the inter-rater reliability of those tools still at its preliminary levels [ 17 , 22 ]. Given these challenges and limitations, and the notion that reflection is hard to measure and assess directly [ 12 ], it becomes imperative to develop simpler tools that are short, concise, include well-defined descriptors, and are easily accessible for analysis and interpretation with high level of objectivity. Despite the implementation of rater training efforts for reflective writings of students, rater variability in scoring remains to be a source of concern [ 27 , 28 ]. Given that students’ approaches to learning might be affected by the type of assessment strategy used [ 29 , 30 ], unreliable assessment strategies can lead to unfair results. Hence, designing a reliable assessment tool is needed to decrease the incidence of rater variability [ 6 ].

Consequently, this study serves as a step in filling this research gap by developing an empirically tested and concise new reflective writing assessment tool and exploring its inter-rater reliability with the aim of establishing a reliable measure of reflective writing.

Methodology

Overview of study design, instruments and procedures.

For the past several years, the reflective essays written by Family Medicine residents during 3 years of training (between June 2014 and May 2017) were graded by their advisors using a simple grading scale. This scale consists of a simple guide on what the advisor should consider while grading (Additional file 1 ). Throughout the past several years, concerns were raised by numerous faculty members as to the ambiguity of this scale and the lack of standardization of grading. Hence, the aim to develop a new concise and reliable tool to evaluate reflective essays written by residents at the AUBMC was established. Since the essays are part of a routine formative assessment activity, the study was qualified as exempt from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at the AUBMC.

Development of the scale

In an effort to improve the reflective essays grading process at AUBMC, a new scale was developed by faculty members at the Department of Family Medicine. The development of the scale began with an explorative literature review; three Family Medicine physicians versed in the field of medical teaching, curriculum development, as well as reflective writing assessment screened and discussed an initial pool of items for relevance. The literature review included existing theoretical models of reflection, reflective writing pedagogy, elements of reflective practice, and existing assessment modalities in health professions education.

The analytical instructional rubric model was chosen as an evaluative model for the development of our reflective tool. The analytic rubric model outlines diverse reflective dimension levels and assessment criteria, defines benchmark for each of these levels, yields quantitative scores and is used for formative and summative purposes [ 17 , 31 , 32 ]. Analytic-type rubrics also provide total and domain specific scores; in this case allowing educators to identify the global and the domain specific deficits in the reflective skills of the learners and provide accordingly the specific and constructive feedbacks [ 15 ].

In the first cycle of constructing the initial reflection rubric, the rubric was based on a comprehensive analysis of relevant theoretical models of reflection as well as existing reflection assessment measures [ 33 ]. After taking into account a wide range of elements, an agreement was reached in incorporating the levels of reflection which were associated with criteria based on theories of Mezirow [ 19 ], Schon [ 2 ] and Boud and colleagues [ 21 ]. More specifically, the framework scheme of REFLECT rubric, a rigorously developed and a theory-informed analytic rubric was the starting point for item selection [ 17 ]. The REFLECT rubric provides a comprehensive, logical and credible theoretical principles based on Mezirow’s [ 19 ] conceptualization of the different levels of reflection, Schon’s [ 2 ] theory about the reflective practitioner as well as Boud’s and colleagues [ 21 ] reflective analysis. The four levels of reflective capacity of the REFLECT rubric incorporate: (1) habitual action (2) thoughtful action (3) reflection and (4) critical reflection which incorporates transformative learning (new understanding) and confirmatory learning (confirming one’s frames of reference or meaning structure). These four reflective levels include core processes that assimilate writing spectrum, presence, recognize “disorienting” dilemmas, recognize critical analysis of assumptions, attend to emotions, and derive meaning features [ 17 ]. On the basis of these theoretical levels of reflection, the process of developing our analytical instructional rubric commenced on the basis of an accepted methodology, listing of criteria, designating quality levels, creating a rubric draft with further revisions and refining of the draft based on targeting each of the four levels. The items of the Groningen Reflection Ability Scale (GRAS) formed further theoretical frameworks for the newly developed scale. These included three emerged thematic factors of personal reflection: self-reflection, empathetic reflection and reflective communication of the existing reflection assessment measure [ 1 ]. Items of this measure are grounded in reflection literature, and cover three substantive aspects of personal reflection in the context of medical practice and education: Self-reflection, Empathetic Reflection; and Reflective Communication. Self-reflection focuses on the exploration and appraisal of experience and forms a basis to the individual to frame or reframe one’s thoughts, feelings, beliefs, norms or methods. Empathetic reflection focuses on contextual understanding and appraisal when engaging in empathetic placement and when thinking about the position of others, such as patients and colleagues. As for reflective communication, it allows the handling of feedback and discussion, as well as dealing with interpersonal differences and taking responsibility of one’s statements and actions [ 1 ].

The first cycle yielded the first draft of the newly developed scale that consisted of 11 items. This scale then underwent a second cycle that included the previous 3 physicians along with 3 additional physicians. Each physician was asked to use the new 11-item scale to grade 3 reflective essays and to provide feedback related to the objectivity of the scale, the time needed to grade using the scale, the clarity of the items, and the ease of use. After several meetings and discussions between the faculty members, some items were reformulated and 2 items were dropped namely “comments on response” and “critical thinking”. The remaining sample items match with the four levels of the reflective capacity of the REFLECT rubric and the three thematic factors of personal reflection of the GRAS. Table  1 shows the matching comparison.

A session was then conducted to decide on the standardization of the scoring where a rationale was presented and scoring discrepancies were resolved after which a scoring consensus was reached. The first 2 items of the scale, which are descriptive, are given a maximum grade of 1 whereas the rest, which are analytical, are given a maximum grade of 2. The maximum score is 16. The items are followed by a guide that clarifies each point with the aim of facilitating and standardizing the grading process. The scale referred to as the Grading Reflective Essays − 9 (GRE-9) from here on consists of 9 items. Table  2 includes scoring per item as well as the guidance for grading. Eighteen Family Medicine residents training in a four-year program at the AUBMC were asked to write reflective essays based on incidences from their medical practice. Papers were then randomly coded by the authors. Before applying the new scale, several meetings were held for the raters to discuss debatable points and to try to unify the grading system as much as possible. The raters were asked to read the entire essay and then fragment it into parts corresponding to each of the items assessed in the GRE-9. The presence and quality of each item criteria should then be assessed by giving a partial point if an item criterion has been mentioned but not in depth and a full score for critical reflection. All 3 raters were asked to provide an overall feedback on ease-of-use of the scale in terms of clarity of items and time needed to grade.

Sample size for reliability assessment

Given that the sample size calculations for reliability assessment are based on testing for a statistical difference between moderate (i.e., 0.40) and high (i.e., 0.75) kappa values using alpha of 0.05 and beta error rates of 0.2, the estimated sample size would range from 77 to 28 based on the variability of trait prevalence between 10 and 50% [ 34 ]. Given that Kappa values are transferred to Krippendorff’s alpha [ 35 ], the sample size of 77 provides the needed power to detect a statistically significant Krippendorff’s alpha.

Since the minimally acceptable level of Krippendorff’s alpha is at least 0.40, then three raters per subject are required because increasing the number of raters beyond 3 has little effect on the power of hypothesis tests [ 34 , 36 ]; as such, three raters were chosen to evaluate the reflective pieces.

Similarly, taking into consideration the calculation of intra-class correlation (ICC), the calculation of the minimum sample size to estimate the value of ICC was performed by using Power Analysis and formula for minimum sample size (n) estimation using the PASS software which is derived from previous studies [ 36 , 37 ]. With three raters (k = 3) used, pre-specification of an acceptable reliability and an expected reliability of 0.0 and 0.2 respectively and a power set to be at least 80% and value of alpha set to be 0.05, the minimum sample size obtained through the formula is approximately 60 or 61 participants. Given that increasing the number of subjects is the more effective strategy for maximizing power [ 38 ] and given that the estimated sample size of 77 provides the needed power to detect a statistically significant Krippendorff’s alpha, 77 reflective pieces were used to calculate ICC as well.

Consequently, three family physicians, who were involved in the second cycle of the scale development, evaluated the 77 reflective essays. Rater1 is a full time faculty, has been in practice for 24 years, is a professor and is well versed in the area of assessing reflective capacity. The other two raters are part time faculty, one who has been in practice for 15 years (Rater 2) while the other for 5 years (Rater 3).

The three raters were asked to grade 3 essays at one time every other day. Each rater was asked to log the number of the essay and the grade assigned as well as the time needed to read and grade each essay. The essays were reviewed in the same order by all reviewers. Anonymity was assured through randomization of the essays into alphanumeric codes.

Statistical analysis

Descriptive statistics were used to quantify the level of higher order processing evident in each reflective piece. Interrater reliability was assessed for each level of cognitive processing as well as for the highest level of cognitive processing evident within each entry using ICC and Krippendorff’s alpha.

Among the six different equations or models for calculating the ICC, Model 2 was selected in this research study considering each element or entry of the reflective piece being assessed by all raters who are considered representative of a larger population of potential raters with the expectation that the results may be generalized to other raters with similar characteristics. More specifically, examining the inter-rater reliability of continuous variables, such as total score for the 9 questions for each of the three raters in the GRE-9 scale, the ICC including a two-way random model (ANOVA) with absolute agreement was used for calculation. Given that the aim was to generalize the reliability results to any raters who possess the same characteristics as the selected raters, a two-way random effects model was the appropriate model to use as it specifies that each subject (reflective essay by each student) is evaluated by the same set of k independent raters, who have been randomly sampled from a larger population of raters with similar characteristics [ 35 ]. Also, given that the absolute agreement concerns about the extent to which the raters provide the equal scores and implies that all raters match scores exactly [ 39 , 40 ], the absolute agreement type was chosen to ensure greater precision. When establishing criteria to judge acceptable levels of reliability the authors used the criteria established by Landis and Koch [ 35 ] to judge the strength of reliability reported through the ICC with values of ICC < 0 representing poor agreement, 0.01–0.20 representing slight agreement, 0.21–0.40 representing fair agreement, 0.41–0.60 representing moderate agreement, 0.61–0.80 representing substantial agreement, and 0.81–1.00 representing almost perfect agreement and thus high reliability. With regard to Krippendorff’s alpha, when values range from 0 to 1, 0 is considered perfect disagreement and 1 is considered perfect agreement. According to Krippendorff [ 41 ], α ≥ .800 is the required value, and α ≥ .667 is considered an acceptable value. However, it was also reported that the cut-off value scores provided by Landis and Koch (1971) [ 35 ] can also be transferred to Krippendorff’s alpha [ 42 ].

The average score for the 3 raters is 10.03 ± 2.44 with the average of rater 1, 2 and 3 being 9.38 ± 2.94, 9.68 ± 2.39, and 11.04 ± 2.44 respectively. The average time needed to read and grade an essay of an average of 500 words was 4.5 min (SD = 2.0; range 2–12 min).

The obtained ICC was 0.78 indicating substantial agreement, 95% CI 0.64–0.86 ( F (76, 152) = 5.781, p  < 0.01). (Table  3 ).

To examine the inter-rater reliability of ordinal variables for more than 2 raters, the Krippendorff’s Alpha was also calculated. Total agreement between the 3 raters was 0.49 (moderate). (Table  4 ).

The 3 raters provided positive feedback on the usability of the GRE-9 as was inferred from the clarity of the items, the grades assigned to each item, the time needed to grade, and the elaborative guide provided with the scale that explains each individual item.

Excluding item 2, the ICC estimates and krippendorff’s alpha for each of the 9 items varied from 0.41 to 0.70, and 0.18 to 0.49, respectively (Tables  3 and 4 ). The lowest ICC value and krippendorff’s alpha were obtained for item 2 “What is special about this event- State clearly the reason for choosing this event in particular” (ICC = − 0.06, Krippendorff’s alpha = − 0.17,). Item 5 “Understanding of the event - Express what was good and bad about the experience; interpretation of the situation at present with justifications (factors/ knowledge influencing judgment)” showed a low agreement amongst the raters (ICC = 0.41, Krippendorff’s alpha = 0.18). Item 3 “Feelings when it happened - Describe personal thoughts and feelings of the resident while the event was happening” (attending to feelings) obtained the highest ICC (0.70) and the second highest (Krippendorff’s alpha (0.47).

GRE-9, the new rubric for evaluating reflection in medical education, is a short, easy to use, and reliable assessment tool. The items of this rubric were based in theory and were clearly presented. A distinguishing feature of the GRE-9 is that its 8th item: “Reference to old experience and to others” was explicitly presented in the tool unlike the REFLECT rubric. The explicit reporting of this item was in accordance with Mezirow’s [ 19 ] theoretical underpinnings of reflection that focus on recognition and expression of the internal states and conditions of others and attitudes held towards them. The item was also in accordance with Schon’s [ 2 ] documentation that in professional work reflectivity focuses on social observation, interaction, and meaning given to various interactions. This delineated item reflects relevance for gaining insight into the cultural context of Lebanon. The collectivistic culture of Lebanon allows one to emphasize on the significance of the other and the interactions formed with them [ 43 ]. Hence, although the GRE-9’s theoretical framework was based on theoretical underpinnings formulated from the West and despite the notion that reflective assessment tools can be used globally irrespective of rater contextual and education background [ 44 ], the cultural relevance of the 8th item renders an advantage to the GRE-9 and its applicability in a specified cultural context.

The REFLECT rubric was a starting point for the development of the GRE-9 items. The precedence of REFLECT rubric in comparison to the GRE-9 lies in its already obtained validity evidence in similar contexts of measuring medical students’ reflective capacity [ 17 , 45 ] as well as in REFLECT’s slightly higher inter-rater reliability obtained in previous studies compared to GRE-9 [ 15 , 17 ]. The REFLECT rubric can also be regarded as more elaborative as it incorporates three additional grading levels: “Writing Spectrum i.e. exploration and critique of assumptions, values, beliefs, and/or biases, and the consequences of action (present and future)”, “Presence i.e. sense of writer being fully present” and “Attention to assignment i.e. whether the writer answers the assignment question or, if relevant provides a compelling rationale for choosing an alternative” [ 17 ]. As such, the REFLECT does not only measure the reflective ability but also presents input on the extent to which the student was involved and engaged in the reflective and writing process; thus, providing richer information with regard to the credibility of what was reported and written by the medical student as well as the student’s reflection ability. These grading levels are not present in the GRE-9. However, the advantage of the GRE-9 in comparison to the REFLECT rubric lies in the GRE-9’s item simplicity and clarity in comparison to what was reported with regard to the REFLECT rubrics’ needed revision on item clarity [ 15 ]. Also, while the REFLECT rubric is designated as a formative rubric lacking grading [ 17 ], the formative and summative nature of the GRE-9 encourages the analysis of the quality of reflection as well as the assignment of numbers to the reflection levels as an anchor on which discussing the outcomes of student’s reflection level can be explored. This is in line with the call in research for the need to incorporate quantitative and summative reflective assessment rubrics into the learning processes [ 46 ].

It has been reported that reflective tools founded on previous work of reflective assessment and theoretical frameworks provide the premise for different raters to reach same interpretive results when assessing reflection [ 17 ]. Literature has revealed that rubrics can be utilized internationally across diverse educators, cultural backgrounds and education curricula [ 6 , 44 ]. For instance, results of a study conducted by Lucas et al. [ 44 ] revealed that the reflective rubric for assessing reflective essays of pharmacy students that was used by three different raters from different educational backgrounds and cultural contexts maintained a high rater agreement; thus, indicating that the rubric they used is a reliable tool capable of being applied across different educational settings irrespective of the contexts and/or different educational curricula. Consequently, it can be fathomed that the GRE-9 will not only be useful within the AUBMC context, but it can also be presented into the literature of medical education for assessing reflective essays by others professionals.

The results of this study yielded a moderate to substantial inter-rater reliability for the GRE-9 based on the ICC and krippendorff’s alpha. In fact, the inter-rater reliability of the GRE-9 scale (ICC of 0.78) is considered good in comparison to previous studies; for instance, it was only slightly lower than the inter-rater reliability reported by Lucas et al. [ 6 ] who found an average measure ICC of 0.81 for their own developed reflective rubric to assess pharmacy students’ reflective thinking as well as slightly lower than the five-rater ICC (alpha) of 0.80 for the REFLECT rubric composite of reflective written essays of medical students [ 45 ].

The lack of inter-rater agreement on item 2 “What is special about this event- State clearly the reason for choosing this event in particular” might be attributed to the role of subjectivity arising when rating this item. The reason behind choosing to report about a particular event in the reflective essay might not be stated explicitly, but rather implied. Hence, subjectivity and variability among the raters when assessing the implied reason might arise. The reason behind the low inter-rater agreement for item 5 “Understanding of the event - Express what was good and bad about the experience; interpretation of the situation at present with justifications (factors/ knowledge influencing judgment)” could be the difficulty in detecting a clear and full description of the disorienting dilemmas, issues of concern incorporating multiple perspectives, alternative explanations and challenging assumptions especially within written essays especially that identical criterion phrasings might have been used when reporting the different levels of description of conflict and its conclusions. The high inter-rater agreement for item 3 “Feelings when it happened - Describe personal thoughts and feelings of the resident while the event was happening” (attending to feelings) can be explained by the fact that an important aspect of reflection is pointing and dwelling on emotions [ 2 ]; hence, residents might have profoundly focused on expressing their emotions in their reflective writings explicitly and clearly allowing the raters to detect emotions and feelings easily.

In a previous study that aimed to investigate the reliability, feasibility, and responsiveness of a categorization scheme for assessing pharmacy students’ levels of reflection [ 12 ], the mean timing that was needed for only categorizing one essay was 3 min; this time measured was only for the grading procedure and was reported to be prone to increase if used in formative assessments. It was also considered a reasonable timing based on the feasibility test [ 12 ]. The time taken to grade using the GRAS was around 10 min [ 1 ]. Hence, the time needed to read and grade the reflective essays in this paper shows that GRE-9 seems to be a reasonably fast method in assessing the level of reflection in the written reflective essays. This reasonable timing will be especially important when used in teaching settings [ 12 ].

Although the new instrument’s validity was not tested empirically, it is vital to note that theoretically, the newly developed scale incorporates theoretical themes that match with the themes that emerged in validated instruments measuring reflection of medical students. For instance, and as stated previously, the reflection themes in the newly developed instrument match with the thematic structure of the “Reflection Evaluation for Learners’ Enhanced Competencies Tool (REFLECT)” [ 17 ]. Similarly, the thematic underpinnings of the newly developed scale overlap with the three emerged thematic factors of personal reflection: self-reflection, empathetic reflection and reflective communication of the “Groningen Reflection Ability Scale (GRAS)” [ 1 ]. For instance, the items “ (1) What happened (2) What is special about this event (3) Feelings when it happened (5) Understanding of the event (6) Congruence of actions and beliefs of the newly developed scale are compatible with the self-reflection criterion. Items: (4) What was the outcome for the concerned (7) New thoughts and feelings after reflection are compatible with the empathetic reflection criterion, and items: (8) reference to old experience and others (9) How this incident will affect future role, are consistent with the reflective communication criterion which integrates reflective behavior, openness for feedback and discussion, taking responsibility for own statements, actions and ethical accountability [ 1 ]. Consequently, given that the items of the GRE-9 scale were conceptually and thematically based on solid theoretical underpinnings and match with the three essential aspects of personal reflection in the context of medical practice and education of the GRAS tool as well as match with the four reflective levels of the REFLECT tool, the content validity of the scale can be assumed.

The moderate to substantial inter-rater reliability of the GRE-9 allows raters to objectively grade reflective essays as well as provide informed feedback to residents and students. It is important to note however that developing a reliable reflective tool alone does not seem to be the sole solution in solving the problem of rater variability and fair assessment of reflective capability. Solutions for unfairness and variability can be reached by structurally aligning raters on the interpretation of the reflective rubrics through robust rater-training programs [ 12 ], by increasing the number of observations for increased accuracy of reflection assessment [ 5 ] and by assessing multiple reflective samples per students so as to produce a significant conclusion about the reflective capacity [ 5 ].

A number of limitations can be pointed to in this paper. Primarily, this study was conducted solely at AUBMC which might limit the generalizability of the results. Also, this study evaluated single reflective-writing samples per students; hence, this too might limit the generalizability of the results because reflective writings are considered to be context-dependent and many skills can be assessed in medical education, so a single writing sample might not provide an accurate estimate of the reflective competency of students [ 5 ]. Future research with multiple writings will be needed to test the rubric’s psychometrics even further [ 6 ]. Also, the sample size was not enough to calculate construct validity which have influenced the obtainment of rigorous psychometric properties for the scale. Given that the reflective essays were an assignment asked for from Family Medicine residents during their 3 years of training, performance bias might have impacted the write-up of the reflective essays as they sought approval from their advisors or peers [ 47 ].

GRE-9 is a reliable, concise, simple grading tool that has demonstrated moderate to substantial inter-rater reliability that will enable raters to objectively grade reflective essays and provide informed feedback to residents and students. Future research will need to investigate the validity of the scale empirically such as exploring the external validity by comparing the scores of this instrument with other reflection scales and measures of reflective practice outcomes as well as to use a larger sample so as to ensure a more rigorous psychometric soundness of the scale.

Availability of data and materials

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Abbreviations

American University of Beirut-Medical Center

Intra-class correlation coefficients

Institutional Research Board

Inter-rater reliability

Grading Reflective Essays

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank Dr. Hani Tamim, Associate Professor of Internal Medicine at the American University of Beirut-Medical Center for assistance with statistical analysis and Dr. Alexandra Ghadieh for her work in literature review in the early stage of the tool development.

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Nisrine N. Makarem, Basem R. Saab, Grace Maalouf, Umayya Musharafieh, Fadila Naji & Diana Rahme

Department of Psychology, Haigazian University, Rue Mexique, Kantari, Riad el Solh, P.O.Box: 11-1748, Beirut, 11072090, Lebanon

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BS conceived and supervised the study. NM contributed to Literature review, study design, supervised the grading process, conducted the data entry, and had the main responsibility of writing the paper. DB contributed to the statistical analysis and interpretation of the results and contributed in writing the discussion section. UM, FN, and DR graded the articles and reviewed the article and provided valuable feedback. GM reviewed the article and advised on further developing of the article. All authors, except DB, were involved in the scale development. The author(s) read and approved the final manuscript.

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Makarem, N.N., Saab, B.R., Maalouf, G. et al. Grading reflective essays: the reliability of a newly developed tool- GRE-9. BMC Med Educ 20 , 331 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-020-02213-2

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Reflective essay rubric

This is a grading rubric an instructor uses to assess students’ work on this type of assignment. It is a sample rubric that needs to be edited to reflect the specifics of a particular assignment. Students can self-assess using the rubric as a checklist before submitting their assignment. 

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History Grade 11 - Topic 3 Essay Questions

Essay Question

To what extent did Australian government policies and legislation succeed in perpetuating racism and the dehumanization of the Aborigines in the 19th and 20th centuries? Present an argument in support of your answer using relevant historical evidence. [1]

Introduction :

A number of scholars agree that race was part of the Enlightenment project that resulted from the desire to classify people into distinct categories. [2] Racial classification certainly existed before this period, but the ‘modern’ application of race has much to do with Europe’s interaction with the ‘rest of the world’. [3] Thus, central to the project of European colonialism was the crystallization of Eugenics policies and an array of social Darwinist theories in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. These theories which later transformed government policy and law rendered non-European peoples as subhuman and biologically inferior and thus should be dispossessed of their land and other vital resources and ultimately exterminated in society. Therefore, and relevant to this essay, we will focus on the implementation of Eugenics policies and Social Darwinism in Australia in order to evaluate the extent to which these policies impacted on the Aboriginal people of Australia.

British colonisation and occupation of Australia

After the British colonised Australia in the 18th century, the first one hundred and forty years of Australian colonial history was marked by conflict and dispossession. [4] The arrival of Lieutenant James Cook and then Arthur Philip in 1788 marked the beginning of ‘white settlement’. [5] From 1788, Australia was treated by the British as a colony of settlement, not of conquest. Aboriginal land was expropriated by the British colonists on the premise that the land was empty (the terra nullius theory) and that the British colonists discovered it. This myth was applied across the colonial world to perpetuate and justify indigenous dispossession and genocide. [6]

Colonists viewed the indigenous Australians as inferior and scarcely human. Their way of life was seen as ‘primitive and uncivilised’, and colonialists believed that their culture would eventually die out. [7] This view justified colonial conquest of the Aboriginal people. Social anthropologists from universities who ‘studied’ the way of life of the Aborigines reinforced this view. [8] Firstly, this view added some ‘scientific’ credibility to observations about this ‘primitive’ society with the lowest level of kinship and the most ‘primitive’ form of religion. Secondly, it also added to the views of Australian eugenicists without deeply analysing the complexities of Aboriginal life. [9]

Application of eugenics policies on the Aborigines

Eugenics associations were established in many states, e.g., New South Wales and Victoria. In 1960 the Racial Hygiene Association, based in Sydney, became the Family Planning Association. [10] A prominent eugenicist in Melbourne was Prof Richard Berry who believed the Aborigines to be the most primitive form of humans. Berry studied and measured people’s heads to prove his theory that white, educated people were the smartest, while the poor, criminals and Aboriginal Australian were the least so. Berry proposed a euthanasia chamber for so-called mental defectives. [11] Ideas of racial decay and racial suicide were aimed at strengthening the number of whites in society, especially in the north where Asian populations were expanding. [12] In 1901 the Immigration Restriction Act was passed (known as the White Australia Policy). White racial unity was promoted as a form of racial purity.

Immigration was encouraged from the UK in 1922 to swell European numbers and thousands of children were sent to keep Australia white. 1912: white mothers offered £5 childbirth bounty in order to grow the size of wealthy middle -class families, which tended to have fewer children than poorer, pauper families in society. [13] This was partly in response to the debate around ‘racial suicide’. It was thought that the middle class would die out because they were not having enough children. [14] Decrease in the number of middle-class whites led to notions of ‘racial decay’. It was assumed that ‘racial poisons’ (e.g., TB, venereal disease, prostitution, alcoholism and criminality) would decimate whites with good stock (middle class). Plans were made to deal with ‘racially contaminated’ and misfits to keep middle class ‘pure’. [15]

Australia Immigration Policies

The White Australian policy of 1901 aimed at cohesion among the white population in the country. [16] It enshrined discrimination and white superiority. Between 1920 and 1967 thousands of British children between the ages of 3 and 14 were sent to Australia and Canada to boost the size of the white population. These children came from poor backgrounds and were mostly in social care. Many of these children were cut off from their families and were often told they were orphans. [17] In addition, a number of these children stayed in orphanages in Australia or became unpaid cheap labour on farms and in some instances were physically and sexually abused. The children who were forcibly migrated under the system became known as the Lost Generation. Catholic Church established homes to accommodate and assist migrant children. In 1987 the Child Migrant Trust under the leadership of Margaret Humphreys began to publicise the abuse of child migrants. [18]

The lost generation?

Children of mixed race were either viewed as inferior by some or as slightly more superior than other Aborigines. [19] However, at the beginning of the 20th century, these ‘half-caste’ children were viewed as a threat to the future of the white race in Australia. In 1913, W. Baldwin Spencer set up 13 proposals to manage the half-caste populations in and around the towns, mining housing and other sites of contact between ‘races’. These included: segregated living areas in certain towns, limits set on the employment of indigenous population by white Australians, the removal of Aboriginal people to a compound, the construction of a half-caste home in one area, a ban on interracial contact and authority given to protectors in some areas to remove ‘half-caste’ children from their families and place them in homes.

By 1930s the number of part-Aboriginal population increased. Dr Cecil Cook and A.O. Neville believed that the white race was headed for extinction. They were responsible for assimilation programmes for ‘breeding blackness out.’ About 100 000 ‘mixed-race’ children were taken from their parents between 1910 and 1970 to breed out Aboriginal blood. Cook encouraged lighter-skinned women to marry white men and in this way ‘breed out their colour’. In 1951, the new Minister for Territories, Paul Hasluck, claimed that assimilation would be the new policy to deal with the indigenous people and motivated this on the grounds of looking after the child’s welfare. Policemen or government officials often took children from their sobbing mothers, they were raised as orphans. Many of these children experienced abuse and neglect. Labels were used, e.g., quadroon, octaroon, to indicate how much ‘white’ blood they had. This policy only ended in 1971. These children are known today as the Stolen Generation. [20]

Reparations?

The practice of removing Aboriginal children from their families was not spoken about until 1997. An official enquiry revealed consistent abuse, exploitation in the labour market, social dislocation that led to alcoholism, violence, and early death. [21] In 2009 Prime Minister Kevin Rudd apologised in parliament for the laws and policies that inflicted grief, suffering and loss on them. He particularly mentioned the ‘Stolen Generation’ who had been removed from their families. In 2010 Rudd apologised to the ‘Lost Generation’ of children who were held in orphanages and other institutions between 1930 and 1970. [22]

Racial ideologies were not simply advanced by a conglomeration of nationalism, imperialism, Darwinism and Eugenics. In the early Twentieth Century, there became evidence strands of simply cultural racism that can be seen as running alongside the biological determinism that was largely prevalent. From this perspective, individuals were suspicious or negative towards to other races not solely on the basis on racial differences, but because those differences represented a divergence in cultural values. This can be seen in the number of miscegenation laws that prevailed in Australia and elsewhere in the colonial world in this context, which have been interpreted as founded on notions of biological mixing. This therefore was an attempt to assert the supremacy of the white race over all other races. Therefore, the development of the sciences of evolutionary Darwinism and Eugenics provided further scientific validity to these views, justifying unequal power relationships either by pinpointing the inability of certain races to develop, or by suggesting the more advanced races had a personal benevolence to the others.

Nazi Germany and the Holocaust

Hitlers consolidation of power from 1933 to 1934 :

The Great Depression had severe economic effects which increased support for political parties that were extremists such as the NSDAP (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei = National Socialist German Workers’ Party, which is popularly known as the Nazi party in English) on the right and the Communist Party on the left. [23] In 1993, Hitler was appointed as Chancellor by the then President Von Hindenburg. [24] This was a significant appointment as Hitler used his position as head of government to consolidate Nazi control. In power, the Nazis dominated the police force by utilizing them to break up meetings that opposition parties had and outlawed all forms of public meetings by justifying that these posed a ‘threat’ to public safety. on the 27th of February 1993, an arson attack occurred which burned the building which housed the German parliament, and this attack became known as the Reichstag Fire. After the Reichstag fire, Hitler got Von Hindenburg to pass a decree which suspended all articles in the constitution that guaranteed peoples key freedoms and liberty. [25] This meant that political opposition were arrested and subsequently sent to concentration camps. The Nazis did not win a clear majority in the elections despite rigorous intimidation and propaganda. As a result, Hitler banned the Communists from the Reichstag party which was supported by the Centre Party- a lay Catholic Party in Germany. [26] Hitler then arranged to get the Reichstag to agree to pass the Enabling Act which allowed him to make laws by decree. This made it possible for Hitler to centralise the government by taking away powers of the state governments. In addition, Hitler destroyed the free trade union movements and banned the Social Democrats and the Communist Party. [27] However, in 1934, an increasing number of left-wing elements within the Nazi Party were opposing Hitlers authority. [28] The Sturmabteilung- Nazi Party’s paramilitary wing, which was led by Ernst Rohm was interested in the socialistic elements of Nazism. [29] In short, they wanted Germany to be a full socialistic state. However, the German Wehrmacht- unified armed forces of Nazi Germany opposed the Sturmabteilung’s stance. On the 30th of June 1934, Hitler’s Schutzstaffel (SS)- a major paramilitary organization under Adolf Hitler got rid of the Sturmabteilung in which 400 of their murders were murdered including Rohm their leader. [30] The SS was now the new elite force which aligned itself with the Hitlers Nazi Party. Following the death of Von Hindenburg in 1934, Hitler merged the positions of president and chancellor and became known as the Führer- leader. Within this new leadership structure, total loyalty was demanded from all Germans. This also led to Germany becoming police state- a totalitarian state controlled by a political police force that secretly supervises the citizens' activities. The SS were led by Heinrich Himmler who was a ruthless and brutal leader who ran the labour and concentration camps, including the Gestapo- secrete state police. [31] Most Germans understood that to resist the rule of the Nazis would be futile.

The creation of a racial state in Germany: defining the German nation in relation to the ‘other’:

In Germany, the ‘perfect German race’ came to be known as the Aryan race which was perceived as the master race by the Nazi Party. [32] The ‘other’ was other races which were perceived to be unproductive, asocial and undesirables such as the gypsies and the Jews which were viewed as coming from impure blood. These groups of people were thought to be inferior and therefore marginalised, treated as sub-human by segregating them and thus dehumanising them. [33] The Aryan race were considered superior because of their ancestry, survival instinct, ‘pure blood’, intellect and perception that they had the capacity to work hard. In Hitlers Nazi state, antisemitism was blamed on race. Hitler hated Jewish people and thus, this hatred shaped his political philosophy. As a result, Jews became a scapegoat for Germanies problems and were thus hunted down in order to eradicate them. To identify ‘others’, stereotyping was used to judge and isolate them. [34] This led to prejudice and gross discrimination which sometimes even meant death. The Nazi Parties promotion of the idea to cleanse Germany of all its ‘enemies’ and because Hitler hated Jews, this led to the mass killing of Millions of Jews.

Applying racial and eugenic laws and policies- Purifying the nation:

Positive eugenics- Refers to efforts which are directed and expanding desirable traits. Positive eugenic Nazi programmes thus encouraged the breeding of pure Aryans since they were viewed as the master race. [35] In these programmes, women were central in creating this perceived pure nation. What this meant practically was that breeding between ‘Aryan’ women and genetically suitable ‘Aryan’ men such as those who were part of the SS were heavily encouraged. In 1936, the Lebensborn programme was established in which SS couples who were deemed to be biologically, racially and hereditarily valuable families were selected to adopt suitable Aryan children. [36]

Negative eugenics- refers to effort which are directed to eliminate through sterilisation, segregation or other means those who are perceived or deemed to be physically, mentally or morally ‘undesirable’.  Negative eugenics programmes and laws were passed to eliminate ‘contaminating’ elements of German society. These took many different forms such as sterilisation programmes. [37] In July 1933, the Sterilisation law was passed which gave Nazis the power to sterilise any person who suffered from diseases or hereditary conditions such as schizophrenia or feeblemindedness. Approximately 350 000 people were sterilised as a result of this programme including teenagers of mixed race. In 1933, the Department of Gene and Race Care was establish and Genetic health courts helped enforce these laws. Concentration camps were established and by 1936, these camps were filled with prostitutes, alcoholics, beggars, homosexuals and juvenile delinquents. [38] By 1938, around 11 000 were sent to these camps. Euthanasia (intentionally ending life to relieve pain and suffering) programmes were established. At the beginning of WWII, Hitler signed a decree which allowed for the systematic killing (euthanasia) in institutions of handicapped patients who were considered incurable. [39] The name of the programme was called Operation T4. These killings were secretly carried out in order to prevent a negative reaction from the Catholic Church. These killings were ordered by doctors in special committees who decided who was going to be killed. Initially, these killings were done by lethal injection, however, carbon monoxide was later used. [40] Nazi records show that 70 273 deaths were carried out by gassing at six different euthanasia centres. These euthanasia programmes were just the testing for Jewish extermination later on.

Groups targeted by the Nazis:

Under Hitler, policies in Germany were based on anti-Semitism as he regarded Jews as a separate race who were un-Godly and evil. At first, discrimination made life very uncomfortable for Jews in Germany. However, as the Nazi Party grew in power by having less and less opposition in Germany, Hitlers Party introduced stricter laws against Jews. [41] Most German people chose to be bystanders when these atrocities were being committed. As a result of these laws, Jewish people were Segregated from political, economic, social and educational life in Germany.     Between the years 1933 to 1934, Jewish professions and buisinesses were being targeted which resulted in them being excluded from civil services. In 1935, the Nuremburg Laws (antisemitic and racist laws that were enacted in Germany by the Nazi Party) were passed. [42] The Nuremburg Laws meant that Jewish people were not considered German citizens and they forbade marriages between German citizens and Jewish Germans. However, these anti-Semitic laws were relaxed in 1936 because Germany hosted the Olympic games, and thus had many visitors. [43] The following year in 1937 ‘Aryanisation’ began again. When the Nazi Party annexed (The concept in international law in which one state forcibly acquires another states territory) Austria in 1938, anti-Semitism spread there as well. On November 1938, a German diplomat was murdered in Paris, and as retaliation, Jewish shops, buisineses, homes and places of worship were targeted throughout Germany. 20 000 Jews were sent to concentration camps, majority of whom were killed. [44] This event came to be known as Kristallnacht (Violent, state-mandated actions against Jews). This led to Jewish pupils being expelled from schools, Jewish businessmen forced to close their shops, Jewish valuables to be confiscated and in 1939 a curfew was introduced for Jews.

Sinti and Roma:

Gypsies in Germany, like the Jews were targeted for extermination. At first, many were deported as the ‘undesirables.’ However, later there were sterilisation laws against the gypsies.  A new law termed “Fight against the Gypsy Menace” required that all gypsies register with the police. [45] They were then forced into concentration camps and ghettos. In Europe, thousands of gypsy women and children were killed in various campaigns. A separate ‘Gypsy family camp’ was set up at Auschwitz-Birkenau which saw many inmates die of exhaustion from hard labour, disease, malnutrition and gassing of children which were done by a Dr called Mengele. [46] Alex Bandy, a Hungarian journalist termed this campaign the ‘forgotten holocaust’.

Other groups targeted by the Nazis:

Political opponents such as Social Democrats, Communists and Trade union leaders were targeted by the Nazis. [47] In addition, Religious opponents such as Jehovah’s Witnesses and Dissident priests (Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany) were also targeted by the Nazis. Those accused of ‘asocial’ crimes such as criminals or homosexuals were also targeted by the Nazi Party. [48]

Choices that people made:

Perpetrators:

Some of the perpetrators of the Nazi regime were secretaries, train drivers, bureaucrats while others actively took part in the killings. [49] Others perpetrators were in the Einsatzgruppen (Extermination squads) while others ran the concentration camps. However, many Nazi Party official denied complicity and said that they were merely following orders. Some perpetrators even claimed that they were negatively affected by their violent actions. [50]

 Bystanders:

The vast majority of people not just in Germany but were the world were bystanders. By choosing this stance of being a bystander and be different and passive witnesses, bystanders affirmed the perpetrators. Within the group of bystanders, others chose to become the perpetrators, while others chose to be resisters or rescuers. [51]

Rescuers under the Nazi regime chose to courageously speak out against the regime or actively rescue victims. Many of these rescuers attributed their actions to their convictions and morality to resist evil. Many of them acted courageously based on their faith. Many hid Jews or smuggled them out of occupied areas. [52]

Responses of the persecuted: exile, accommodation, defiance:

Responses from being persecuted by the Nazi Party took many forms such as partisan activities such as smuggling of secret messages, exchanging of food and weapons which sabotaged the Nazis attempt to persecute those they deemed undesirable. In addition, those persecuted responded by military engagement with the Nazi Party despite being heavily suppressed by Nazi troops. Victims continued with their way of life such as cultural traditions, religious practices, creating music and art such as poetry inside the concentration camps and ghettos. In addition, some of the victims managed to escape or go into exile. This caused underground resistance movements aimed at countering Nazi propaganda with anti-Nazi propaganda. The determination for survival was also a form of resistance by victims.

From persecution to mass murder: The Final solution:

The Holocaust (Was the genocide of European Jews during WWII) was carried out as the ‘Final Solution’ under the guise of war. The Einsatzgruppen followed German soldiers into invading other territories. They arrested everyone who resisted and killed those they thought could resist. The Nazis carried out forced removals of those they deemed sub-human or undesirables and carried out mass murders. [53] In Poland, thousand of Polish citizens were sent to labour and concentration camps. Jews were forcibly put in overcrowded ghettos were many would die of inhumane conditions and starvation.

Labour and extermination camps:

In 1941, the Einsatzgruppen followed invading troops into Russia where thousands of Jews were rounded up in preparation to send them to concentration camps. 700 Jews were gassed in vans in Chelmo. This reinforced Hitler’s desire for a ‘Final Solution’ to the Jewish question. The death camps under the SS were established for this reason. [54] In addition, extermination centre sites were purposely located near railway lines so that there was efficient transportation. In 1942, there were mass deportations of Jews from the ghettos. A lot of them died along the way due to the unhygienic conditions, lack of food and heat in transportation. Gas chambers were created for the purposes of mass gassing of Jews using Zyklon-B pellets. Jewish bodies were cremated, and their ashes and bones were intended for fertilisers. Approximately 6 million Jews were killed during the Holocaust. [55]

Forms of justice: The Nuremburg Trials:

Allied forces decided that the main perpetrators of the Holocaust should be put on trial. [56] An international military tribunal was set up at Nuremburg where 22 Nazi leaders were put on trial for crimes against humanity in addition to their other war crimes. [57] Nazi records provided a much of the evidence and details of the crimes the leaders and committed. The accused did not deny having committed these crimes but were claiming that these crimes were not against humanity. Others argued that they were simply following orders. 13 different trials were set up in Nuremburg between the years 1945 and 1950 and 12 defendants were sentenced to dead. In total 199 Nazis were put on trial. This type of justice is called punitive justice where the perpetrators get punished for their crimes. [58]

Shortcomings of the process:

These trials did not come without their shortcomings, some of which included small perpertrators not being called and held accountable for their actions as they could deny their complicity for what had happened. In addition, victorious allies carried out the trials and as a result, Germany and German people never faced what they had done. For many years there was a culture of silence and this could be regarded as a denial of responsibility. [59]

Positive outcomes of these trials:

These trials did come with some positives such as giving people new ways of thinking about how to tackle gross human rights violations. Restorative justice and mechanism such as truth and reconciliation commissions could be formed in the future. Examples of such truth and reconciliation commissions around the world are the Liberian Truth and Reconciliation Commission and South Africa’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission. [60]

This content was originally produced for the SAHO classroom by Ayabulela Ntwakumba and Thandile Xesi

[1] National Senior Certificate. “Grade 11 November History Paper 1 Exam,” National Senior Certificate, November 2018.

[2] Cohen, William B. "Literature and Race: Nineteenth Century French Fiction, Blacks and Africa 1800-1880." Race 16, no. 2 (1974): 181-205.

[3] Macdonald, Ian. "The Capitalist Way to Curb Discrimination." Race Today (1973): 241.

[4] http://www.workingwithindigenousaustralians.info/content/History_3_Colo…

[7] https://australianstogether.org.au/discover/indigenous culture/kinship.

[8] Moses, A. Dirk. "An antipodean genocide? The origins of the genocidal moment in the colonization of Australia." Journal of Genocide Research 2, no. 1 (2000): 89-106.

[9] Genger, Peter. "The British Colonization of Australia: An Exposé of the Models, Impacts and Pertinent Questions." Peace and Conflict Studies 25, no. 1 (2018): 4.

[10] Barta, Tony. "Relations of genocide: land and lives in the colonization of Australia." Genocide and the modern age: etiology and case studies of mass death 2 (1987): 237-253.

[11] Foley, Gary. "Eugenics, Melbourne University and me." Tracker: be informed, be involved, be inspired (2012).

[12] Ibid.,

[13] Banner, Stuart. "Why Terra Nullius-Anthropology and Property Law in Early Australia." Law & Hist. Rev. 23 (2005): 95.

[14] Ibid.,

[15] Lester, Alan, and Nikita Vanderbyl. "The Restructuring of the British Empire and the Colonization of Australia, 1832–8." In History Workshop Journal, vol. 90, pp. 165-188. Oxford Academic, 2021.

[16] Hunter, Ernest, and Desley Harvey. "Indigenous suicide in australia, new zealand, canada and the united states." Emergency Medicine 14, no. 1 (2002): 14-23.

[17] Wakefield, Edward Gibbon. A view of the art of colonization, with present reference to the British Empire. JW Parker, 1849.

[18] Hollinsworth, David. Race and racism in Australia. Thomson Learning Australia, 2006.

[19] Ibid.,

[20] Hume, Lynne. "The dreaming in contemporary aboriginal Australia." Indigenous religions: a companion. London: Cassell (2000): 125-138.

[21] Read, Peter. Belonging: Australians, place and Aboriginal ownership. Cambridge University Press, 2000.

[22] Ibid.,

[23] King, Gary, Ori Rosen, Martin Tanner, and Alexander F. Wagner. "Ordinary economic voting behavior in the extraordinary election of Adolf Hitler." The Journal of Economic History 68, no. 4 (2008): 951-996.

[24] Caldwell, Peter. "National Socialism and Constitutional Law: Carl Schmitt, Otto Koellreutter, and the Debate over the Nature of the Nazi State, 1993-1937." Cardozo L. Rev. 16 (1994): 399

[25] Bessel, Richard. "The Nazi capture of power." journal of Contemporary History 39, no. 2 (2004): 169-188.

[26] Evans, Richard. "Hitler's Dictatorship." History Review 51 (2005): 20.

[27] Ibid.,

[28] Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia. "SA." Encyclopedia Britannica, November 11, 2020. https://www.britannica.com/topic/SA-Nazi-organization .

[29] Ibid.,

[30] Ibid.,

[31] Power, Jonathan. "Heinrich Himmler, Hitler’s Deputy–From Boyhood to Chief Murderer of the Jews." In Ending War Crimes, Chasing the War Criminals, pp. 13-18. Brill Nijhoff, 2017.

[32] https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/aryan-1

[33] Ibid.,

[34] Ibid.,

[35] Grodin, Michael A., Erin L. Miller, and Johnathan I. Kelly. "The Nazi physicians as leaders in eugenics and “euthanasia”: Lessons for today." American journal of public health 108, no. 1 (2018): 53-57.

[36] Ibid.,

[37] Kevles, Daniel J. "Eugenics and human rights." Bmj 319, no. 7207 (1999): 435-438.

[38] Ibid.,

[39] Benedict, Susan, and Jochen Kuhla. "Nurses’ participation in the euthanasia programs of Nazi Germany." Western Journal of Nursing Research 21, no. 2 (1999): 246-263.

[40] ibid.,

[41] Johnson, Mary, and Carol Rittner. "Circles of Hell: Jewish and non-Jewish victims of the Nazis." The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 548, no. 1 (1996): 123-137.

[42] Kroslak, Daniel. "Nuremberg Laws." The Lawyer Quarterly.-ISSN 8396 (1805): 184-194.

[43] Rippon, Anton. Hitler's Olympics: The Story of the 1936 Nazi Games. Pen and Sword, 2006.

[44] Fitzgerald, Stephanie. Kristallnacht. Capstone, 2017.

[45] Lutz, Brenda Davis. "Gypsies as Victims of the Holocaust." Holocaust and Genocide Studies 9, no. 3 (1995): 346-359.

[46] Ibid.,

[47] Evans, Richard. "Hitler's Dictatorship." History Review 51 (2005): 20.

[48] Ibid.,

[49] O’Byrne, Darren. "Perpetrators? Political civil servants in the Third Reich." In Perpetrators and Perpetration of Mass Violence, pp. 83-98. Routledge, 2018.

[50] Ibid.,

[51] Monroe, Kristen Renwick. "Cracking the code of genocide: The moral psychology of rescuers, bystanders, and Nazis during the Holocaust." Political Psychology 29, no. 5 (2008): 699-736.

[52] Ibid.,

[53] Breitman, Richard. "Plans for the final solution in early 1941." German Studies Review 17, no. 3 (1994): 483-493.

[54] Pohl, Dieter. "The Holocaust and the concentration camps." In Concentration Camps in Nazi Germany, pp. 161-178. Routledge, 2009.

[55] Ibid.,

[56] Steinacher, Gerald J. "The Betrayal: The Nuremberg Trials and German Divergence Kim Christian Priemel." (2018): 123-124.

[57] https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/nuremberg-trials

[58] Ibid.,

[59] Ibid.,

[60] Adam, Heribert, and Kanya Adam. "Merits and shortcomings of the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission." In Remembrance and Forgiveness, pp. 34-46. Routledge, 2020.

• Adam, Heribert, and Kanya Adam. "Merits and shortcomings of the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission." In Remembrance and Forgiveness, pp. 34-46. Routledge, 2020.
• Bessel, Richard. "The Nazi capture of power." journal of Contemporary History 39, no. 2 (2004): 169-188.
• Benedict, Susan, and Jochen Kuhla. "Nurses’ participation in the euthanasia programs of Nazi Germany." Western Journal of Nursing Research 21, no. 2 (1999): 246-263.
• Breitman, Richard. "Plans for the final solution in early 1941." German Studies Review 17, no. 3 (1994): 483-493.
• Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia. "SA." Encyclopedia Britannica, November 11, 2020. https://www.britannica.com/topic/SA-Nazi-organization.
• Bunker, Raymond. "Systematic colonization and town planning in Australia and New Zealand." Planning Perspectives 3, no. 1 (1988): 59-80.
• Caldwell, Peter. "National Socialism and Constitutional Law: Carl Schmitt, Otto Koellreutter, and the Debate over the Nature of the Nazi State, 1993-1937." Cardozo L. Rev. 16 (1994): 399
• Dunn, Kevin M., James Forrest, Ian Burnley, and Amy McDonald. "Constructing racism in Australia." Australian journal of social issues 39, no. 4 (2004): 409-430.
• Docker, John. "A plethora of intentions: genocide, settler colonialism and historical consciousness in Australia and Britain." The International Journal of Human Rights 19, no. 1 (2015): 74-89.
• Fitzgerald, Stephanie. Kristallnacht. Capstone, 2017.
• Grodin, Michael A., Erin L. Miller, and Johnathan I. Kelly. "The Nazi physicians as leaders in eugenics and “euthanasia”: Lessons for today." American journal of public health 108, no. 1 (2018): 53-57.
• Hollinsworth, David. Race and racism in Australia. Thomson Learning Australia, 2006.
• Howard-Wagner, Deirdre. "Colonialism and the science of race difference." In TASA and SAANZ 2007 Joint Conference Refereed Conference Proceedings–Public Sociologies: Lessons and Trans-Tasman Comparisons, The Australian Sociological Association. 2007.
• Jalata, Asafa. "The impacts of English colonial terrorism and genocide on Indigenous/Black Australians." Sage Open 3, no. 3 (2013): 2158244013499143.
• Johnson, Mary, and Carol Rittner. "Circles of Hell: Jewish and non-Jewish victims of the Nazis." The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 548, no. 1 (1996): 123-137.
• Kevles, Daniel J. "Eugenics and human rights." Bmj 319, no. 7207 (1999): 435-438.
• King, Gary, Ori Rosen, Martin Tanner, and Alexander F. Wagner. "Ordinary economic voting behavior in the extraordinary election of Adolf Hitler." The Journal of Economic History 68, no. 4 (2008): 951-996.
• Kroslak, Daniel. "Nuremberg Laws." The Lawyer Quarterly.-ISSN 8396 (1805): 184-194.
• Lutz, Brenda Davis. "Gypsies as Victims of the Holocaust." Holocaust and Genocide Studies 9, no. 3 (1995): 346-359.
• Monroe, Kristen Renwick. "Cracking the code of genocide: The moral psychology of rescuers, bystanders, and Nazis during the Holocaust." Political Psychology 29, no. 5 (2008): 699-736.
• Moses, A. Dirk. "An antipodean genocide? The origins of the genocidal moment in the colonization of Australia." Journal of Genocide Research 2, no. 1 (2000): 89-106.
• Moses, D., & Stone, D. (Eds.). (2013). Colonialism and genocide. Routledge.
• O’Byrne, Darren. "Perpetrators? Political civil servants in the Third Reich." In Perpetrators and Perpetration of Mass Violence, pp. 83-98. Routledge, 2018.
• Pohl, Dieter. "The Holocaust and the concentration camps." In Concentration Camps in Nazi Germany, pp. 161-178. Routledge, 2009.
• Power, Jonathan. "Heinrich Himmler, Hitler’s Deputy–From Boyhood to Chief Murderer of the Jews." In Ending War Crimes, Chasing the War Criminals, pp. 13-18. Brill Nijhoff, 2017.
• Rippon, Anton. Hitler's Olympics: The Story of the 1936 Nazi Games. Pen and Sword, 2006.
• Robinson, Shirleene, and Jessica Paten. "The question of genocide and Indigenous child removal: the colonial Australian context." Journal of Genocide Research 10, no. 4 (2008): 501-518.
• Rogers, Thomas James, and Stephen Bain. "Genocide and frontier violence in Australia." Journal of Genocide Research 18, no. 1 (2016): 83-100.
• Short, Doctor Damien. Redefining genocide: Settler colonialism, social death and ecocide. Zed Books Ltd., 2016.
• Steinacher, Gerald J. "The Betrayal: The Nuremberg Trials and German Divergence Kim Christian Priemel." (2018): 123-124.
• Torrens, Robert. Colonization of south Australia. Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longman, 1836.
• Wakefield, Edward Gibbon. A view of the art of colonization, with present reference to the British Empire. JW Parker, 1849.

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English 101 Final Reflection: My Growth as a Writer

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Hi! Welcome to my blog! I made this blog in order to help and share my work to all of you. Also, to save my works and to extend my opinion in some cases. Thank you guys. Hoping for your support. Always do the right thing, and everything will be alright. Alright? "PLEASE DO LEAVE A COMMENT GUYS, IF YOU HAVE"

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Reflection for general mathematics grade xi gas, no comments:, post a comment, comics strip of the 1872 cavite mutiny - cavite mutiny comics.

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The late Bishop Gumbleton’s reflection on his 94 years of life and ministry

Editor’s note: This essay is drawn from Bishop Thomas J. Gumbleton’s preface to No Guilty Bystander , a biography of him  published in 2023 by Frank Fromherz and Suzanne Sattler, I.H.M. It is used with the permission of Orbis Books. Bishop Gumbleton died on April 4 at the age of 94.

I am an introvert. This might seem a strange statement since I have from time to time been on local, national or international platforms. But I am at my happiest when I am sitting in a comfortable chair and reading a good book. That is why having someone write my biography has been a bit uncomfortable. I would much rather be reading the stories of others.

There have been some real blessings in this process, however. I have been able to reconnect with friends from the past. We have shared memories long forgotten but cherished nonetheless. I have been reminded once again what blessings these friendships are for me, what life lessons they have taught me and how I have been inspired by them to “Keep on keeping on.”

I thank God for all those in my life who have shown me by their example—Thomas Merton, Archbishop Óscar Romero, Franz Jägerstätter, Dorothy Day, Cardinal John Dearden, Archbishop Ray Hunthausen and many others—what it means to live as followers of Jesus in the struggle for justice. They integrated their whole ways of being into the message of Jesus.

I would add to my “Grateful List” men and women from the parishes where I served who sought to live their Catholic faith in a family setting. I marvel at how parents with jobs, a mortgage and school tuition manage a household and children and create Catholic families of faith where a guiding principle is the Beatitudes.

I would also include those who did not even know they were an inspiration to me. I have encountered young people around the world and in the United States who received little encouragement from within their countries to build the reign of God. They didn’t give up. They kept struggling to spread the message of peace and nonviolence. I continue to be deeply inspired by these youth.

I feel deep gratitude for a trip I took to the Holy Land during the time I was living in Rome. I went with two other priests, and on the way we visited Cairo. In that city, we were looking for the place where tradition has it that Mary and Joseph took Jesus. Of course, it was in one of the oldest parts of Cairo. As we walked along, we entered a large area that was teeming with homeless people. These were people who were living on the streets all the time, without access to water, food or any clean clothing. It was a situation of absolute poverty. I grew up in Michigan during the Depression. It was a struggle for my parents to pay their bills and keep us dressed and fed. But our poverty was nothing like that which I experienced that day.

For all those who have allowed me to share in your lives through my priestly ministry and through friendship, thank you. It has been my privilege to celebrate your families’ marriages, births and deaths—and everything in between: family reunions, graduations and baptisms. You have allowed me the chance to share in the joys and sorrows of your lives, and I am a better person because of your friendship.

By going back over my 90-plus years, I have been reminded how history repeats itself. As followers of Jesus, we know our clarion call: to be doers of God’s word and to build God’s reign in the here and now. This call is one that has guided my life. The challenge has not changed over the years.

How do we respond to this call? Start with one thing. The defense of democracy. Human trafficking. The prison system. L.G.B.T. rights. And be aware. Keep reading to find out what is going on in the world and let yourself be touched by the events around you. For example, a more recent issue is climate change. We are at the point of bringing harm to our planet that will make it unlivable within the next 20 years. This issue needs to be faced, as Pope Francis spelled out for us in his encyclical “ Laudato Si’ .”

Lest all of this seem overwhelming, the important thing is to recognize that each of us has a small part to play in the whole picture. No one does it alone. We must join with others in common efforts to bring about the kind of societal changes that are necessary.

Finally, since our task is to build up the reign of God, we must have as our basis a deep and abiding relationship with Jesus. I was once told that we should act as though everything depended on us and pray as though everything depended on God. But more recently I’ve come to know that we must pray as though everything depends on us but that the results depend on God. With that kind of spirit, we can constantly move forward with calmness and determination in our effort to transform our world into as close an image of the reign of God as possible.

As Jesus put it in his call to each of us: “The reign of God is at hand. Change your lives.”

Read next from America :

• “ Contemplating eternity: Bishop Gumbleton’s life of witness ”
• “ Bishop Thomas Gumbleton remembered as a supportive friend to LGBTQ Catholics ”

Thomas J. Gumbleton was a retired auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Detroit. A longtime advocate for peace and social justice, he died on April 4, 2024.

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Can’t Find Eclipse Glasses? Here’s What to Do.

You can watch a projection of the eclipse using some common household items.

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By Katrina Miller

Follow our live updates on the total solar eclipse .

Reliable paper-framed glasses are by far the most popular option for safely watching the total solar eclipse on Monday. But they’ve gotten more difficult to find in some places ahead of the event.

If you’ve checked everywhere — your local planetarium, public library and even online — fear not: There is still a way to watch the eclipse safely, using items around the house. Here are a few options.

Use your hands

Palms up, position one hand over the other at a 90-degree angle. Open your fingers slightly in a waffle pattern, and allow sunlight to stream through the spaces onto the ground, or another surface. During the eclipse, you will see a projection of the moon obscuring the surface of the sun.

This method works with anything with holes, such as a straw hat, a strainer, a cheese grater or even a perforated spoon. You will also notice this effect when light from the partially eclipsed sun streams through leaves on a tree.

Set up a cardstock screen

For this option, you need a couple of white index cards or two sheets of cardstock paper. First, punch a small hole in the middle of one of the cards using a thumbtack or a pin.

Then, facing away from the sun, allow light to stream through this pinhole. Position the second card underneath to function as a screen. Adjust the spacing between the two cards to make the projection of the sun larger or smaller.

Make a box projector

If you’re up for a bit of crafting, you can make a more sophisticated pinhole projector . Start with a cardboard box — empty cereal boxes are often used, but you can use a larger box, too. You’ll also need scissors, white paper, tape, aluminum foil and a pin or thumbtack.

Cut the piece of paper to fit the inside bottom of the cardboard box to act as a screen. Use tape to hold it in place.

On the top of the box, cut two rectangular holes on either side. (The middle should be left intact — you can use tape to secure this if needed.)

Tape a piece of aluminum foil over one of the rectangular cutouts. Punch a tiny hole in the middle of the foil with the tack or pin. The other cutout will serve as a view hole.

With your back to the sun, position the foil side of the box over your shoulder, letting light stream through the pinhole. An image of the sun will project onto the screen at the bottom of the box, which you can see through the view hole. A bigger box will create a bigger image.

Enjoy the show through any of these makeshift pinholes. And remember, during totality, you can view the sun directly with your naked eye. But you should stop looking at the sun as soon as it reappears.

Katrina Miller is a science reporting fellow for The Times. She recently earned her Ph.D. in particle physics from the University of Chicago. More about Katrina Miller

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Explore the open water in the nimble, versatile Hunt Harrier 26. This lightweight runabout offers stable performance and easy handling for fishing, entertaining, and everything in between. The performance deep-V hull and ergonomic helm deliver a smooth ride, and configurable seating for up to ten passengers allows you to design the perfect layout for lounging, sightseeing, or socializing.

Inspired by classic yacht design, the Hunt Harrier 26 combines sharp vintage looks with streamlined modern conveniences. Gorgeous teak detailing adds timeless appeal, while contemporary comforts such as an on-deck wet bar and spacious lower bunk ensure that you and your guests enjoy every second at sea.

The Hunt Harrier 26 has an array of customizable features so you can create a one-of-a-kind vessel tailored to your boating needs. The Yachting Solutions crew can help you fine-tune your propulsion system to maximize safety and performance for sport fishing expeditions or outfit your vessel with custom upholstery, amenities, and accessories for entertaining on the go.

1’ 6”/ 2’ 9”

Displacement, fuel capacity, 100 u.s. gallons, water capacity, 15 u.s. gallons, yamaha or mercury.

2022 Hunt Yachts Harrier 26

The Harrier 26 is a sporty runabout with timeless classic style. A versatile seating plan can handle a crowd of ten and the spacious cockpit includes an on-deck wet bar with fridge and award-winning ergonomic helm. The cabin has a generous bunk for naps and overnights, a marine toilet and makes a convenient changing room after a swim. Equally at home in Nantucket or Naples, the Harrier’s vintage styling and teak detailing turns heads while the high performing Hunt Deep-V hull turns on a dime.

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2016 Hunt Yachts Harrier 26

"OSPREY"

DETAILS ABOUT THIS BOAT

OSPREY is a fine example of a very hard-to-come-by 2016 Hunt Harrier 26 powered with the optional Yamaha 300hp outboard motor with only 215 hours. Lift-kept with custom sun covers, she shows beautifully with her Stars & Stripes blue hull, Oyster White boot stripe and black bottom. In 2018 the Yamaha outboard motor was painted to match the gelcoat and a faux teak transom was applied, nice custom touches done by the Hinckley Company. Properly maintained and serviced (full outboard motor service, with computer check and compression test, March 2022) make OSPREY a true ‘turn key’ offering. This is a great opportunity to acquire a nearly-new Hunt Harrier 26 in time for Spring!

This Yacht Has Been

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SPECIFICATIONS

• Vessel Name OSPREY
• Price $235,000
• Make Hunt Yachts
• Category Cruisers
• Condition Used
• Model Harrier 26
• Days On Market Inquire
• Display Length 26'
• Draft (Min) 1'
• Draft (Max) 3
• Fuel Capacity 100 Gal.
• Water Capacity 15 Gal.
• Displacement 7,000 lbs.

Engines / Speed

• Engine Specs
• Make Yamaha
• Type Outboard
• Fuel Type Gas/Petrol
• Engine Hours 215
• Power 300 HP

ABOUT THIS Hunt Yachts Harrier 26

This Hunt Yachts Harrier 26 is a great opportunity to purchase a pre-owned yacht for sale. This listing is not currently with SI Yachts, but our team is happy to do the research on your behalf to find our the full history on the boat. Our team at SI Yachts can answer all of your questions on this boat and offer any guidance you need on your search for the right vessel. SI Yachts is the Northeast's most powerful brokerage firm and new yacht dealer for Viking, Princess, Prestige, Absolute, Pardo, and Valhalla Boatworks.

MAKE YOUR YACHT A DIAMOND LISTING

SI Yachts Diamond Listing program brings your yacht unprecedented visibility from our customized marketing program. By listing your boat or yacht for sale with us, our entire team will be notified immediately greatly increasing the chances that your boat may sell before it ever even hits the market. Having premium new yacht brands also brings a lot of potential pre-owned buyers that get access to your listing. SI Yachts uses the most advanced CRM technology and marketing strategies to sell your yacht faster.

BUYING A BOAT WITH SI YACHTS

Whether you're interested in a new model or a quality pre-owned yacht for sale, SI Yachts has the expertise on staff to help you find the right vessel for your boating needs and budget. Our team is award-winning and factory trained in multiple brands like Viking, Princess, and Prestige. We can hold your hand the entire way from building a new yacht through delivery with the factory or digging deep into the history of any pre-owned boat options we find on the market. We pride ourselves on setting an example for customer service which is why many of our customers have been with us for many years. We look forward to helping you move forward with your boating ambitions.

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MISSY II Hunt Yachts Harrier 26 2018

Specification.

Missy II is a fantastic opportunity to own a very nice Hunt Yachts Harrier 26. The Harrier 26 is a classic Ray Hunt-designed hull that has proven itself over time. The Harrier 26 is a very social layout and makes a fantastic boat to enjoy nice time with family and friends. 

ADDITIONAL SPECS, EQUIPMENT AND INFORMATION

• Boat Name: Hunt Yachts Harrier 26 2018
• Location: Rockport, ME
• Dry Weight: 7,000 lb
• Brand: Mercury
• Engine Model: Verado
• Engine Type: Outboard
• Engine/Fuel Type: unleaded
• Engine Power: 300|horsepower

Manufacturer Provided Description

Manufacturer’s Options

Paint and Gel-coat Colors:

Hull- Flag Blue

Deck- Oyster White

Boot Top- Oyster White

Bottom- Vivid Green

Exterior Cushions- Luxor Leather- Rice with Marine Piping

Interior Cushions- Subrella- Ramona Sand with Canvas Natural Piping

Canvas- Stamoid- Cream

Fender Covers- Navy

Propulsion:

Mercury Verado 300 engine with 250 hours

Canvas and Seating:

Removable aft stern seat with cover

Deck Hardware:

Stainless steel anchor and chain

Lewmar V-700 windlass with anchor roller and extra cleat/ deck and helm control

Stainless steel low profile bow rail 11″

Accessories:

Unvarnished Teak coaming boards

Varnished Teak toe rail with (2) pull up bow chocks and stainless steel chafe strips

Varnished Teak windshield

Varnished Teak bridgedeck table with padded Stamoid cover and storage bag for table pedestal

Lectrotab Trim Tabs with automatic leveling control

Electrical:

Electric bowthruster with dash joystick control

Garmin 7612xsv 12″ color plotter/ multi function display

LED stainless steel docking lights in hull

Garmin Reactor autopilot system for Mercury Verado 300

12V DC outlet below bridge deck hatch

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The Company offers the details of this vessel in good faith but cannot guarantee or warrant the accuracy of this information nor warrant the condition of the vessel. A buyer should instruct his agents, or his surveyors, to investigate such details as the buyer desires validated. This vessel is offered subject to prior sale, price change, or withdrawal without notice.

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40 facts about elektrostal.

Written by Lanette Mayes

Modified & Updated: 02 Mar 2024

Reviewed by Jessica Corbett

Elektrostal is a vibrant city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia. With a rich history, stunning architecture, and a thriving community, Elektrostal is a city that has much to offer. Whether you are a history buff, nature enthusiast, or simply curious about different cultures, Elektrostal is sure to captivate you.

This article will provide you with 40 fascinating facts about Elektrostal, giving you a better understanding of why this city is worth exploring. From its origins as an industrial hub to its modern-day charm, we will delve into the various aspects that make Elektrostal a unique and must-visit destination.

So, join us as we uncover the hidden treasures of Elektrostal and discover what makes this city a true gem in the heart of Russia.

Key Takeaways:

• Elektrostal, known as the “Motor City of Russia,” is a vibrant and growing city with a rich industrial history, offering diverse cultural experiences and a strong commitment to environmental sustainability.
• With its convenient location near Moscow, Elektrostal provides a picturesque landscape, vibrant nightlife, and a range of recreational activities, making it an ideal destination for residents and visitors alike.

Known as the “Motor City of Russia.”

Elektrostal, a city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia, earned the nickname “Motor City” due to its significant involvement in the automotive industry.

Home to the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Elektrostal is renowned for its metallurgical plant, which has been producing high-quality steel and alloys since its establishment in 1916.

Boasts a rich industrial heritage.

Elektrostal has a long history of industrial development, contributing to the growth and progress of the region.

Founded in 1916.

The city of Elektrostal was founded in 1916 as a result of the construction of the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Located approximately 50 kilometers east of Moscow.

Elektrostal is situated in close proximity to the Russian capital, making it easily accessible for both residents and visitors.

Known for its vibrant cultural scene.

Elektrostal is home to several cultural institutions, including museums, theaters, and art galleries that showcase the city’s rich artistic heritage.

A popular destination for nature lovers.

Surrounded by picturesque landscapes and forests, Elektrostal offers ample opportunities for outdoor activities such as hiking, camping, and birdwatching.

Hosts the annual Elektrostal City Day celebrations.

Every year, Elektrostal organizes festive events and activities to celebrate its founding, bringing together residents and visitors in a spirit of unity and joy.

Has a population of approximately 160,000 people.

Elektrostal is home to a diverse and vibrant community of around 160,000 residents, contributing to its dynamic atmosphere.

Boasts excellent education facilities.

The city is known for its well-established educational institutions, providing quality education to students of all ages.

A center for scientific research and innovation.

Elektrostal serves as an important hub for scientific research, particularly in the fields of metallurgy, materials science, and engineering.

Surrounded by picturesque lakes.

The city is blessed with numerous beautiful lakes, offering scenic views and recreational opportunities for locals and visitors alike.

Well-connected transportation system.

Elektrostal benefits from an efficient transportation network, including highways, railways, and public transportation options, ensuring convenient travel within and beyond the city.

Famous for its traditional Russian cuisine.

Food enthusiasts can indulge in authentic Russian dishes at numerous restaurants and cafes scattered throughout Elektrostal.

Home to notable architectural landmarks.

Elektrostal boasts impressive architecture, including the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord and the Elektrostal Palace of Culture.

Offers a wide range of recreational facilities.

Residents and visitors can enjoy various recreational activities, such as sports complexes, swimming pools, and fitness centers, enhancing the overall quality of life.

Provides a high standard of healthcare.

Elektrostal is equipped with modern medical facilities, ensuring residents have access to quality healthcare services.

Home to the Elektrostal History Museum.

The Elektrostal History Museum showcases the city’s fascinating past through exhibitions and displays.

A hub for sports enthusiasts.

Elektrostal is passionate about sports, with numerous stadiums, arenas, and sports clubs offering opportunities for athletes and spectators.

Celebrates diverse cultural festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal hosts a variety of cultural festivals, celebrating different ethnicities, traditions, and art forms.

Electric power played a significant role in its early development.

Elektrostal owes its name and initial growth to the establishment of electric power stations and the utilization of electricity in the industrial sector.

Boasts a thriving economy.

The city’s strong industrial base, coupled with its strategic location near Moscow, has contributed to Elektrostal’s prosperous economic status.

Houses the Elektrostal Drama Theater.

The Elektrostal Drama Theater is a cultural centerpiece, attracting theater enthusiasts from far and wide.

Popular destination for winter sports.

Elektrostal’s proximity to ski resorts and winter sport facilities makes it a favorite destination for skiing, snowboarding, and other winter activities.

Promotes environmental sustainability.

Elektrostal prioritizes environmental protection and sustainability, implementing initiatives to reduce pollution and preserve natural resources.

Home to renowned educational institutions.

Elektrostal is known for its prestigious schools and universities, offering a wide range of academic programs to students.

Committed to cultural preservation.

The city values its cultural heritage and takes active steps to preserve and promote traditional customs, crafts, and arts.

Hosts an annual International Film Festival.

The Elektrostal International Film Festival attracts filmmakers and cinema enthusiasts from around the world, showcasing a diverse range of films.

Encourages entrepreneurship and innovation.

Elektrostal supports aspiring entrepreneurs and fosters a culture of innovation, providing opportunities for startups and business development.

Offers a range of housing options.

Elektrostal provides diverse housing options, including apartments, houses, and residential complexes, catering to different lifestyles and budgets.

Home to notable sports teams.

Elektrostal is proud of its sports legacy, with several successful sports teams competing at regional and national levels.

Boasts a vibrant nightlife scene.

Residents and visitors can enjoy a lively nightlife in Elektrostal, with numerous bars, clubs, and entertainment venues.

Promotes cultural exchange and international relations.

Elektrostal actively engages in international partnerships, cultural exchanges, and diplomatic collaborations to foster global connections.

Surrounded by beautiful nature reserves.

Nearby nature reserves, such as the Barybino Forest and Luchinskoye Lake, offer opportunities for nature enthusiasts to explore and appreciate the region’s biodiversity.

Commemorates historical events.

The city pays tribute to significant historical events through memorials, monuments, and exhibitions, ensuring the preservation of collective memory.

Promotes sports and youth development.

Elektrostal invests in sports infrastructure and programs to encourage youth participation, health, and physical fitness.

Hosts annual cultural and artistic festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal celebrates its cultural diversity through festivals dedicated to music, dance, art, and theater.

Provides a picturesque landscape for photography enthusiasts.

The city’s scenic beauty, architectural landmarks, and natural surroundings make it a paradise for photographers.

Connects to Moscow via a direct train line.

The convenient train connection between Elektrostal and Moscow makes commuting between the two cities effortless.

A city with a bright future.

Elektrostal continues to grow and develop, aiming to become a model city in terms of infrastructure, sustainability, and quality of life for its residents.

In conclusion, Elektrostal is a fascinating city with a rich history and a vibrant present. From its origins as a center of steel production to its modern-day status as a hub for education and industry, Elektrostal has plenty to offer both residents and visitors. With its beautiful parks, cultural attractions, and proximity to Moscow, there is no shortage of things to see and do in this dynamic city. Whether you’re interested in exploring its historical landmarks, enjoying outdoor activities, or immersing yourself in the local culture, Elektrostal has something for everyone. So, next time you find yourself in the Moscow region, don’t miss the opportunity to discover the hidden gems of Elektrostal.

Q: What is the population of Elektrostal?

A: As of the latest data, the population of Elektrostal is approximately XXXX.

Q: How far is Elektrostal from Moscow?

A: Elektrostal is located approximately XX kilometers away from Moscow.

Q: Are there any famous landmarks in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to several notable landmarks, including XXXX and XXXX.

Q: What industries are prominent in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal is known for its steel production industry and is also a center for engineering and manufacturing.

Q: Are there any universities or educational institutions in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to XXXX University and several other educational institutions.

Q: What are some popular outdoor activities in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal offers several outdoor activities, such as hiking, cycling, and picnicking in its beautiful parks.

Q: Is Elektrostal well-connected in terms of transportation?

A: Yes, Elektrostal has good transportation links, including trains and buses, making it easily accessible from nearby cities.

Q: Are there any annual events or festivals in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal hosts various events and festivals throughout the year, including XXXX and XXXX.

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Geographic coordinates of Elektrostal, Moscow Oblast, Russia

City coordinates

Coordinates of Elektrostal in decimal degrees

Coordinates of elektrostal in degrees and decimal minutes, utm coordinates of elektrostal, geographic coordinate systems.

WGS 84 coordinate reference system is the latest revision of the World Geodetic System, which is used in mapping and navigation, including GPS satellite navigation system (the Global Positioning System).

Geographic coordinates (latitude and longitude) define a position on the Earth’s surface. Coordinates are angular units. The canonical form of latitude and longitude representation uses degrees (°), minutes (′), and seconds (″). GPS systems widely use coordinates in degrees and decimal minutes, or in decimal degrees.

Latitude varies from −90° to 90°. The latitude of the Equator is 0°; the latitude of the South Pole is −90°; the latitude of the North Pole is 90°. Positive latitude values correspond to the geographic locations north of the Equator (abbrev. N). Negative latitude values correspond to the geographic locations south of the Equator (abbrev. S).

Longitude is counted from the prime meridian ( IERS Reference Meridian for WGS 84) and varies from −180° to 180°. Positive longitude values correspond to the geographic locations east of the prime meridian (abbrev. E). Negative longitude values correspond to the geographic locations west of the prime meridian (abbrev. W).

UTM or Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system divides the Earth’s surface into 60 longitudinal zones. The coordinates of a location within each zone are defined as a planar coordinate pair related to the intersection of the equator and the zone’s central meridian, and measured in meters.

Elevation above sea level is a measure of a geographic location’s height. We are using the global digital elevation model GTOPO30 .

Elektrostal , Moscow Oblast, Russia

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Drone flying toward Moscow downed in Elektrostal

MOSCOW, November 19. A drone flying to Moscow has been downed by air defense systems in Elektrostal in the Moscow Region, no one was hurt, Moscow’s Mayor Sergey Sobyanin said on Sunday.

"In the Elektrostal municipal district, air defense forces repelled an attack by a drone, which was flying toward Moscow. According to preliminary data, its fragments fell down incurring no damage. No one was hurt," he wrote on his Telegram channel .

According to the Moscow mayor, emergencies services are working on the site.

The Harrier 26 is a sporty runabout with timeless classic style. A versatile seating plan can handle a crowd of ten and the spacious cockpit includes an on-deck wet bar with fridge and award-winning ergonomic helm. The cabin has a generous bunk for naps and overnights, a marine toilet, and makes a convenient changing room after a swim.

2021 Hunt Yachts Harrier 26. US$269,000. US $2,105/mo. Stonington Yacht Sales | South Bristol, Maine. 3 listings. Find Hunt Yachts Harrier 26 boats for sale in your area & across the world on YachtWorld. Offering the best selection of Hunt Yachts to choose from.

Hunt Yachts: Model: Harrier 26: Class: Runabout: Length: 27.33ft: Fuel Type: Gas: Hull Material: Fiberglass: Hull Shape: Deep Vee: Offered By: Stonington Yacht Sales: Description. 2021 Hunt Yachts Harrier 26. This is the highly desirable Hunt Harrier 26 - with the right options, little use (105 hours) and a trailer!

Find Hunt Yachts Harrier boats for sale in your area & across the world on YachtWorld. Offering the best selection of Hunt Yachts to choose from. ... 2019 Hunt Yachts Harrier 26. US$195,000. US $1,526/mo. Hinckley Yacht Brokerage | Fort Myers, Florida. Request Info; New Arrival; 2006 Hunt Yachts Harrier 25. US$124,500. US $974/mo.

The Harrier 26 is a sporty runabout with timeless classic style. A versatile seating plan can handle a crowd of ten and the spacious cockpit includes an on-deck wet bar with fridge and award-winning ergonomic helm. The cabin has a generous bunk for naps and overnights, a marine toilet and makes a convenient changing room after a swim.

GALLERY. Hunt Harrier 26 Yachts for Sale. Featuring the performance of the authentic Hunt Deep-V, the Harrier 26 ride is smooth, stable and dry. Find your Harrier 26 Hunt boat base price, technical specifications, layout & photos at YachtingSolutions.com.

This is the highly desirable Hunt Harrier 26 - with the right options, little use (105 hours) and a trailer! The Hunt Harrier line has had exceptional success, and the Harrier 26 version with outboard power is no exception. This particular Harrier 26 is an exceptional value and highly recommended. She was specified with the […]

The Harrier 26 is a sporty runabout with timeless classic style. A versatile seating plan can handle a crowd of ten and the spacious cockpit includes an on-deck wet bar with fridge and award-winning ergonomic helm. The cabin has a generous bunk for naps and overnights, a marine toilet and makes a convenient changing ro...

2015 Boston Whaler 240. $80,000. $626/mo*. Naples, FL 34102 | Private Seller. Find 28 Hunt Yachts Harrier 26 Boats boats for sale near you, including boat prices, photos, and more. For sale by owner, boat dealers and manufacturers - find your boat at Boat Trader!

Hunt Harrier 26 - Standard Equipment List Page 2 Hunt Yachts, LLC. | One Little Harbor Landing Portsmouth, RI 02871 | (401) 324-4201| www.huntyachts.com Revised: 1 March 2017 Cabin Access Varnished teak companionway doors and sliding hatch (with covers) Berths V-berth with storage under in choice of Sunbrella fabric

2018 Hunt Yachts Harrier 26. £181,009. Yachting Solutions | Rockport, Maine. <. 1. >. * Price displayed is based on today's currency conversion rate of the listed sales price. Boats Group does not guarantee the accuracy of conversion rates and rates may differ than those provided by financial institutions at the time of transaction.

Description. 2019 Hunt Yachts Harrier 26. SWEET P is a lightly used, turnkey Hunt Harrier 26 available for immediate delivery. Her teak windshield, flag blue hull and oyster white decks make her a timeless classic. The optional equipment includes an extensive teak package, stainless steel bow rail, bridge deck table, larger 7612 Garmin chart ...

OSPREY is a fine example of a very hard-to-come-by 2016 Hunt Harrier 26 powered with the optional Yamaha 300hp outboard motor with only 215 hours. Lift-kept with custom sun covers, she shows beautifully with her Stars & Stripes blue hull, Oyster White boot stripe and black bottom. In 2018 the Yamaha outboard motor was painted to match the ...

Missy II is a fantastic opportunity to own a very nice Hunt Yachts Harrier 26. The Harrier 26 is a classic Ray Hunt-designed hull that has proven itself over time. The Harrier 26 is a very social layout and makes a fantastic boat to enjoy nice time with family and friends.

The Hunt Harrier 26 powerboat is produced by the brand Hunt Yachts since 2020. The Hunt Harrier 26 is a 8.33 meters caddy boat with 1 guest cabin and a draft of 0.46 meters which can reach speeds of up to 41 knots. The boat has a fiberglass / grp hull with a CE certification class (C) and can navigate along the coastline and on rivers and canals.

Hunt Yachts Harrier 26 for sale in United States 3 Boats Available. Currency $ - USD - US Dollar Sort Sort Order List View Gallery View Submit. Advertisement. Save This Boat. Hunt Yachts Harrier 26 . South Bristol, Maine. 2021. $269,000 Seller Stonington Yacht Sales 22. Contact. 860-791-4208. ×. In-Stock. Save This Boat. Hunt Yachts Harrier 26 ...

HARRIER 26 DEMO 2016 AVAILABLE IMMEDIATELY • Beautiful Stars & Stripes Blue Hull • Single Yamaha V-6 300HP Outboard with Speeds up to 40 knots • Bow Thruster with Joystick Control • Garmin 7612 (12") Color Chart Plotter with Depth, Speed, etc. ... 2/7/2017 6:26:41 PM ...

Known as the "Motor City of Russia." Elektrostal, a city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia, earned the nickname "Motor City" due to its significant involvement in the automotive industry.. Home to the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant. Elektrostal is renowned for its metallurgical plant, which has been producing high-quality steel and alloys since its establishment in 1916.

Missy II is a fantastic opportunity to own a very nice Hunt Yachts Harrier 26. The Harrier 26 is a classic Ray Hunt-designed hull that has proven itself over time. The Harrier 26 is a very social layout and makes a fantastic boat to enjoy nice time with family and friends. Please contact Bob Chace for further details: Mobile/ Text- 401-588-2385 ...

Longitude: 38°26′48″ E Elevation above sea level: 157 m = 515 ft . City coordinates. Coordinates of Elektrostal in decimal degrees. Latitude: 55.7895900° Longitude: 38.4467100° Coordinates of Elektrostal in degrees and decimal minutes. Latitude: 55°47.3754′ N

MOSCOW, November 19. A drone flying to Moscow has been downed by air defense systems in Elektrostal in the Moscow Region, no one was hurt, Moscow's Mayor Sergey Sobyanin said on Sunday.

Some of the most iconic Hunt Yachts models presently listed include: Harrier 25, Surfhunter 29, 32 Center Console, 52 and Harrier 26. Specialized yacht brokers, dealers, and brokerages on YachtWorld have a diverse selection of Hunt Yachts models for sale, with listings spanning from 1958 year models to 2024.

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amadeus sailing yacht

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Amadeus - Crewed Sailing Yacht Charter

Amadeus €35,000.

Amadeus Image 1/22

Layout of Amadeus

Amadeus Image 3/22

Amadeus Image 4/22

SUNBATHING FORWARD

SUNBATHING FORWARD ANOTHER VIEW

• Splash Pool

Splash Pool another view

Amadeus Image 9/22

Amadeus Image 12/22

Amadeus Image 13/22

Amadeus Image 14/22

Amadeus Image 15/22

Amadeus Image 19/22

Amadeus Image 20/22

Anastasia Yurash (Asst. Stewardess)

Stelios Mandos (Engineer)

• From €35,000 / week
• Sailing Monohull + 6 crew
• Summer Port: Cruising Areas Summer: Greece, Turkey Summer Port: Marina Zea, Piraeus, Greece Winter: Greece Winter Port: Marina Zeas, Pireaus, Greece ">Marina Zea, Piraeus, Greece
• Winter Port: Cruising Areas Summer: Greece, Turkey Summer Port: Marina Zea, Piraeus, Greece Winter: Greece Winter Port: Marina Zeas, Pireaus, Greece ">Marina Zeas, Pireaus, Greece
• Length: 110 ft / 33.5 meters 110 feet 33.5 meters
• Guests: 12 in 5 cabins
• Builder: Dynamique Ya
• Built: 1996 / Refit: 2014/2020
• Offers Rendezvous Scuba Diving only

Plus Expenses

• Reviews (1)

Amadeus Description

Built by the famous Dynamique Yachts shipyard, and having undergone a total refit in 2018, S/Y Amadeus was designed to please the most demanding of yachtsmen. Built for smooth sailing, this elegant cutter rigged sloop has a sleek hull design, comfortably reaching top speeds of 12 knots and ensuring excellent sailing performance. S/Y Amadeus has just undergone this past winter (2018) a major refit such as total repaint top to bottom, new rigging (BSI Denmark), Novourania with new Evinrude 75hp outboard, Splash pool, new Bimini/Sprayhood/Awnings, new exterior fabrics and many other enhancements. In 2016 new “North Sails” were placed onboard. The yacht is maintained in excellent condition with a five-star crew year round. Her generous uncluttered teak deck offers plenty of space for sunbathing. The spacious and unique outdoor saloon has two tables seating upto 12 guests and is a perfect setting for outdoor dining and entertainment. Thanks to a special canopy and roll-up windows, the deck saloon has the added attraction that it can be fully enclosed, making it ideal for all weather conditions. Her forward area includes a splash pool and sun bathing area which can also be shaded with a removable awning. From the cockpit, a stairway leads to the light-filled spacious saloon offering ample seating, ideal for relaxing or enjoying a drink from the bar, and offers a formal dining area. This area also includes a LCD TV, entertainment center, ipod dock station, playstation, and is ideal for indoor activities. She can accommodate 10-12 guests in one full width master stateroom, two double bedded cabins each having one extra single bed and two twin bedded cabins which can be easily converted to double beds (upon request), thus, making her the only 5 double bedded sailboat in the Greek market. She also has a nice selection of toys which include water ski (adult and children), tubes, inflatable canoes, wakeboard, fishing rod and snorkeling gear.

Cruising Area of Amadeus

Accommodations, specification, water sports, scuba diving, entertainment, amadeus crew profile, chief stewardess.

CAPTAIN - Harry Fotopoulos Captain Harry is a graduate of the Merchant Marine Academy and holds a Captain Class A’ Diploma. He also holds a Canadian Commercial Pilot license class B, sailing and speedboat license. He has over 15 years of experience onboard many types of Charter Yachts. He holds Certificates in GMDSS, Fire Fighting & First Aid, Personal Safety, Life Saving, and Ship Security. He has a great knowledge of the Greek islands and will navigate guests to remarkable destinations. During his one season on board he showed great leadership skills and received positive feedback from all guests. He is calm yet very outgoing and speaks very good English. DECKHAND - Konstantinos Santas CHIEF STEWARDESS - Mirella Davint Mirella has 8+ years of experience as a stewardess onboard charter and private yachts. She has a very pleasant personality and she aims to accommodate her guests to the fullest. Comments received from previous guests are memorable. This will be Mirella’s eighth season onboard. Mirella speaks English and she is 38 years old. ENGINEER - Stelios Mandos Stelios holds an Engineer Class B’ Diploma from the Greek Merchant Marine Academy as well as a Sailor’s License. He has over 15 years of experience onboard Ocean-Going Vessels and Charter Yachts. His hobbies include spearfishing and sailing. He speaks good English. Stelios is 45 years old, married with two children. CHEF - Thanasis Kiritsis Thanasis is 39 years old and has worked as a chef for more than 20 years in numerous hotels restaurants, yachts and resorts including owning his own pastry shop / bakery for 5 years. Thanasis looks forward to welcoming his guests on board and introducing them to his culinary world. He speaks good English and Greek. He is a young chef full of energy, skills and passion towards his job. We are confident that he will serve his guests unforgettable flavors. ASSISTANT STEWARDESS - Anastasia Yurash Anastasia is 31 years old and has been in the yachting industry since 2021. Her working experience includes 7 years as a housekeeper and assistant stewardess. Anastasia speaks very good English. One of Anastasia’s strongest attributes is her appetite for work. She is also very sociable, welcoming and looks forward to having guests on board S/Y Amadeus. Her hobbies include Latin dancing, snowboard and yoga.

Amadeus Calendar

Amadeus reservations & port locations, amadeus rates / week, low price: €35,000, high price: €42,500, additional rate details, amadeus guest reviews, amadeus / charter july 20-27, 2019.

Sent: Wednesday, July 31, 2019 9:02 PM Hi George, client just informed me, that he and his friends were very happy. Good atmosphere on board, excellent crew, good chef and professional service. Yacht in good condition, nice cabins. The proposed itinerary was good. Clients intend to book AMADEUS next summer again. Please send my big thank you to the Captain. Best regards,

Amadeus Sample Menu

Breakfast selections.

Freshly Squeezed Orange And/Or Grapefruit Juice

Selection Of Other Juices Such As Peach, Pineapple, Tomato.

Fresh Milk Cold And/Or Hot.

Freshly Brewed Coffee And/Or Decaf Coffee, Cappuccino, Espresso (Nespresso)

Hot Or Cold Chocolate, Selection Of Teas Served With Lemon, Honey And/Or Milk.

Breads: Plain Croissant, Chocolate Croissant, Brioche, Muffins, Traditional Greek Bread,

Rolls, Pastries, Toast White/Wheat/Rye.

Selection Of Jams And Marmalades Such As Apricot, Strawberry, Rasberry, Orange And Honey.

Selection Of Cheese Such As Emmental, Edam, Gruyere, Kefalotiri, Graviera,

Cream Cheese, Cottage Cheese, Cheese Spread.

Ham, Bacon, Salami, Smoked Turkey, Prosciutto.

Choice Of: Scrambled Eggs, Boiled Eggs, Fried Eggs, Poached Eggs, Omelets.

Eggs And Omelets Are Prepared To Order And Accompanied According To The Guest’s Requests.

Pancakes, Served With Jam, Honey, Maple Syrup, Fruits And/Or Whipped Cream.

Home-Made Carrot Cake.

Selection Of Cereals Such As Corn Flakes, Bran,Rice Crispies , Muesli.

Greek Plain Yoghurt And Fruit Yoghurt.

Fruit Salad, Half Grapefruit, Mixed Berries, Stewed Prunes, Dried Fruits And Nuts.

LUNCH SELECTIONS

Greek Salad With Marinated Anchovy And Extra Virgin Olive Oil

Fresh Talliatele With Mushrooms And Parmesan Chips

Seawolf Fiilet With Vegetables Briam, Fried Caper And Fresh Thyme Panacotta With Ginger

Salad With Radish, Dill, Parsley, Arabic Pita Bread And Soumak

Egg-Plant Napoleon With Feta Cheese And Tomato Couli

Chicken Roll, Cous-Cous With Raisins, Pine Nut And Orange Sauce Walnut Cake With Vanilla Ice-Cream

Salad With Grilled Peach And Apricot And Watermelon Vinaigrette Sauce

Risotto With Red Mullet, Pine Nuts And Sun Dried Tomato

Pork Loin Filled With Naxos Graviere

Halvas (Semolina) With Korinthous Raisins Kai Cinnamon

Salad With Fennel Root, Olives And Orange

Tarte With Goat Cheese And Green Apple

Gurnet Fillet With Lemon Sauce Baby Potatoes And Parsley

Yogurt Mousse With Fresh Vanilla

Watermelon Salad,Feta Onion And Lemon Sauce, Balsamic Vinegar And Extra Virgin Olive Oil

Stuffed Squid With Chocolate Sauce

Tuna Fillet With Orange Confite And Red Wine Sauce

Peach Cheesecake

Green Salad With Smoked Salmon And Salmon Eggs

Mussels With Fresh White Cheese (Anthotiro) And Peppers

Sole Fillet Saute With Spring Onion And Fava (Yellow Split Peas) Fron Santorini Island

Galaktompoureko (Pastry Fillo Filled With Cream) And Orange Couli

Salad With Rocket, Parmezan Flakes, Sun Dried Tomato And Caramel Balsamic Sauce

Grilled Octapus With Chick Peas And Lemon

Anglerfish Stew With Green Talliatele

Tiramisu With Aigina Pistachios

DINNER SELECTIONS

Salad With Cretan Hard Bread , Tomato And Fresh White Cheese (Anthotiro) Grilled Vegetables Napoleon With Mastello (Chios Cheese) Bream Fillet With Crust From Cuttlefish Ink, Artichoke Mousse And Marinated Fennel Root Chocolate Souffle With Ice-Cream

Green Salad With Cottage Cheese, Walnuts And Extra Virgin Olive Oil With Herbs Cabbage Leafs Filled With Shrimps, Cracked Wheat And Egg-Lemon Sauce And Ginger T-Bone Steak With Mushrooms Sauce,Dofinouaze Potato Trifle With Coffee

Caesars Salad With Poached Egg, Parmesan Tuille And Mustard Crackers Fousili With Pesto Sauce And King Prawns Cod Fish Cooked With Safron, Green Olives And Potato Kantaifi With Pistachio And Ice Cream

Mozzarella Buffal0 With Black Eyed Beans And Fennel Rizotto Venere With Chicken Breast And Crawfish Rib-Eye With Fresh Potato Chips And Vegetable Sauce Almond Pie With Chocolate

Baby Spinach Salad, Pears With Pepper And Walnut Vinegar From Blackberry Beef Carpaccio With Caper, Parmesan And Rocket Gilthead Fillet, Vegetable Chips And Hot Balsamic Sauce Greek Loukoumades, Thyme Honey And Walnuts

Cracked Wheat Salad, Parsley,Cucumber,Tomato And Pomegrenade Sauce Goat And Feta Cheese Croquete, Orange And Cumin Sauce Pork Souvlaki, Greek Pita Bread, Tzatziki Sauce And French Fries Caltsounia (Pastry) With Manouri Cheese, Mint, Honey-Orange Sauce

Grilled Vegetables Salad And Chaloumi (Cyprus Cheese) Eggplant “Papoutsakia”, Mince Meat With Fresh Tomato Sauce Spagetti Flavored With Cutlefish Ink, Shrimps Hazelnut Cream Profiterolle

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Prices from: €21,000 / week

AMADEUS is a fast cruising sailing yacht built by the famous Dynamique Yachts shipyard and totally refit in 2004, she was designed to please the most demanding of yachtsmen. Built for smooth sailing, this elegant cutter rigged sloop has a sleek hull design that enables her to comfortably reach top speeds of 12 knots and ensures excellent sailing performance.

This sailing yacht's generous uncluttered teak deck with a foredeck pool, offers plenty of space for sunbathing. The spacious and unique outdoor saloon has two tables, a bar and barbeque, a perfect setting for outdoor dining and entertainment. Thanks to a special canopy and roll-up windows, the deck saloon has the added attraction that it can be fully enclosed, making it ideal for all weather conditions. From the cockpit, a stairway leads to the light-filled spacious saloon offering ample seating, ideal for relaxing or enjoying a drink from the bar, and a formal dining area with seating for up to 12 guests.

Accomodation is offered for up to 12 guests in 5 spacious cabins: the bow master cabin on AMADEUS features a double bed, vanity unit and generous storage facilities, as well as audio/visual entertainment. The en-suite bath includes a shower and separate large bath. Two double cabins with additional single bunks situated forward. Two twin cabins situated aft. All cabins with en suite facilities and audio/visual entertainment. Crew of 5 in separate quarters.

Special Features :

- Fast cruising sailing yacht - Spacious teck deck, sunbathing areas - Outdoor saloon with a bar and barbecue

Tender: Novourania tender 4.20m with YAMAHA X 70hp plus MERCURY x 10hp

Activities : Wakeboard , Kayak , Snorkeling equipment , Waterskis , Fishing equipment , Monoski , Tender , Tubes .

Summer : East Mediterranean Greece - The Cyclades Islands | Turkey | Greece – The Ionian Islands

Winter : East Mediterranean Greece - The Cyclades Islands | Turkey | Greece – The Ionian Islands

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• Receive the brochure of this yacht
• FR +33 AC +247 AD +376 AE +971 AF +93 AG +1 AI +1 AL +355 AM +374 AO +244 AR +54 AS +1 AT +43 AU +61 AW +297 AX +358 AZ +994 BA +387 BB +1 BD +880 BE +32 BF +226 BG +359 BH +973 BI +257 BJ +229 BL +590 BM +1 BN +673 BO +591 BQ +599 BR +55 BS +1 BT +975 BW +267 BY +375 BZ +501 CA +1 CC +61 CD +243 CF +236 CG +242 CH +41 CI +225 CK +682 CL +56 CM +237 CN +86 CO +57 CR +506 CU +53 CV +238 CW +599 CX +61 CY +357 CZ +420 DE +49 DJ +253 DK +45 DM +1 DO +1 DZ +213 EC +593 EE +372 EG +20 EH +212 ER +291 ES +34 ET +251 FI +358 FJ +679 FK +500 FM +691 FO +298 FR +33 GA +241 GB +44 GD +1 GE +995 GF +594 GG +44 GH +233 GI +350 GL +299 GM +220 GN +224 GP +590 GR +30 GT +502 GU +1 GW +245 GY +592 HK +852 HN +504 HR +385 HT +509 HU +36 ID +62 IE +353 IL +972 IM +44 IN +91 IQ +964 IR +98 IS +354 IT +39 JE +44 JM +1 JO +962 JP +81 KE +254 KG +996 KH +855 KI +686 KM +269 KN +1 KP +850 KR +82 KW +965 KY +1 KZ +7 LA +856 LB +961 LC +1 LI +423 LK +94 LR +231 LS +266 LT +370 LU +352 LV +371 LY +218 MA +212 MC +377 MD +373 ME +382 MF +590 MG +261 MH +692 MK +389 ML +223 MM +95 MN +976 MO +853 MP +1 MQ +596 MR +222 MS +1 MT +356 MU +230 MV +960 MW +265 MX +52 MY +60 MZ +258 NA +264 NC +687 NE +227 NF +672 NG +234 NI +505 NL +31 NO +47 NP +977 NR +674 NU +683 NZ +64 OM +968 PA +507 PE +51 PF +689 PG +675 PH +63 PK +92 PL +48 PM +508 PR +1 PS +970 PT +351 PW +680 PY +595 QA +974 RE +262 RO +40 RS +381 RU +7 RW +250 SA +966 SB +677 SC +248 SD +249 SE +46 SG +65 SH +290 SI +386 SJ +47 SK +421 SL +232 SM +378 SN +221 SO +252 SR +597 SS +211 ST +239 SV +503 SX +1 SY +963 SZ +268 TC +1 TD +235 TG +228 TH +66 TJ +992 TL +670 TM +993 TN +216 TO +676 TR +90 TT +1 TV +688 TW +886 TZ +255 UA +380 UG +256 US +1 UY +598 UZ +998 VA +39 VC +1 VE +58 VG +1 VI +1 VN +84 VU +678 WF +681 WS +685 XK +383 YE +967 YT +262 ZA +27 ZM +260 ZW +263

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About Amadeus

Charter rates.

specifications

• Length 33.52M (110′)
• Beam 7.53M (25′-4″)

Builder Dynamique Yachts

• Year of build 1996

Tenders & Toys

• Fishing equipment
• inflatable canoes
• On deck pool
• Snorkeling gear

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Built by the famous Dynamique Yachts shipyard, and having undergone a total refit in 2014, S/Y Amadeus was designed to please the most demanding of yachtsmen.

Built for smooth sailing, this elegant cutter rigged sloop has a sleek hull design, comfortably reaching top speeds of 12 knots and ensuring excellent sailing performance. Accommodation is offered for up to 12 guests in 5 spacious cabins (one master cabin, two identical double cabins with additional single bunks, two identical twin cabins) all with en suite facilities and audio/visual entertainment.

General Description

Carian Coast, Ionian Islands

Dynamique Yachts

1996 / 2018

Rates (MYBA Terms: + ALL)

45,500 € per week

35,000 € per week

2018 Nuvorania tender 4.60m Outboard EVINRUDE 75hp Splash pool Water Skis (adult and kids) Mono Ski Wakeboard

2 Tubes Inflatable Kayak Fishing Gear Snorkeling Equipment 4 Yoga mats

Destinations

Carian Coast

Superb historical sites set in magnificent scenery

Ionian Islands

Unforgettable Sailing Holidays

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A General Description of Sailing Yacht AMADEUS

AMADEUS was previously registered as project/yacht name Amadeus 1er. This 33 metre (109 ft) luxury yacht was built by Dynamique Yachts in 1991. Sailing Yacht AMADEUS is a well proportioned superyacht. The yacht is a modern sloop with a cutter rig. The naval architecture office whom authored the design work on this ship was Philippe Briand. Luxury yacht AMADEUS is a quality yacht that is able to accommodate as many as 12 guests on board and has a total of 5 crew members.

Sailing yacht AMADEUS was built by the famous Dynamique Yachts shipyard .The yacht features superb sailing characteristics which are complimented by her spacious interior and abundant deck space. Sailing sloop AMADEUS can accommodate 10 passengers in five cabins. With one large master stateroom and four additional cabins which are all air conditioned and have en suite bathrooms. She also has two separate salons and a full dining room. The aft deck is fully covered with seating. The fore deck has an unique pool on deck and swimming in the sea is made accessible by a large swim aft platform.

The Construction & Naval Architecture relating to Luxury Yacht AMADEUS

Philippe Briand was the naval architect firm involved in the formal nautical design work for AMADEUS. Also the company Philippe Briand skillfully collaborated on this undertaking. In 1991 she was actually launched to triumph in Marans and following sea trials and final completion was afterwards passed on to the yacht owner. Dynamique Yachts completed their new build sailing yacht in France. A reasonable proportion is brought about with a maximum beam (width) of 7.5 metres / 24.6 feet. With a 3.6m (11.8ft) draught (maximum depth) she is reasonably deep. The material composite was used in the building of the hull of the sailing yacht. Her superstructure above deck is built with the use of composite. Over the deck of AMADEUS she is 32.7 (107.3 ft) in length. In 2004 extra refitting and modernisation was also finished.

Engines & Speed For S/Y AMADEUS:

She is driven by twin screw propellers. The main engine of the ship gives 375 horse power (or 276 kilowatts). She is equiped with 2 engines. The combined thrust for the boat is therefore 750 HP / 552 KW.

On board Superyacht AMADEUS She has The Following Guest Accommodation Format:

Bestowing bedding for a maximum of 12 yacht guests sleeping aboard, the AMADEUS accommodates them in style. Normally the vessel requires approximately 5 professional crewmembers to run.

A List of the Specifications of the AMADEUS:

Further information on the yacht.

Condaria is the company that installed the A/C on the yacht. AMADEUS features a teak deck.

AMADEUS Disclaimer:

The luxury yacht AMADEUS displayed on this page is merely informational and she is not necessarily available for yacht charter or for sale, nor is she represented or marketed in anyway by CharterWorld. This web page and the superyacht information contained herein is not contractual. All yacht specifications and informations are displayed in good faith but CharterWorld does not warrant or assume any legal liability or responsibility for the current accuracy, completeness, validity, or usefulness of any superyacht information and/or images displayed. All boat information is subject to change without prior notice and may not be current.

Quick Enquiry

"Indeed we believe that the first function of a sailing yacht is the aesthetics and we spent a lot of time in refining the lines during the project." - "I understood very young that to win a race you have to have the best boat, and so I started to be interested about the technology and the design of the boat." - Philippe Briand

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AMADEUS 110' Fully Crewed Sailing Yacht

• Summer Locations: Greece , Turkey Winter Locations: Greece
• Max Guests : 12    Cabins : 5    Crew : 6
• Starting at : EUR €39,500 (approx. $45,820 USD )

Charter rates do not include expenses or taxes

Her master cabin features a walk around king bed, desk/vanity, and en-suite bathroom. Additionally, there are two guest cabins each with a queen bed convertible to two twins, and two guest cabins each with a queen bed and twin bed. Each guest cabin has an en-suite.

Her main salon has a spacious, contoured conversational area, along with a large, flatscreen T.V. The aft deck features al fresco dining with Bimini top. Up on deck there are sun pads and a splash pool for you and your guests to enjoy.

Watersports offered include a 15 foot tender with 75hp engine, water skis for adults and children, tube, wakeboard, kayak, fishing gear, snorkeling gear, and rendezvous diving.

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AMADEUS 110' sailing yacht

Can sleep up to 12 guests in 5 staterooms Weekly rate starts at: EUR €39,500 (approx. $45,820 USD)

See additional pictures and info about AMADEUS »    Contact us about AMADEUS »

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Sailing Yacht | Amadeus

Fuel Capacity

Water capacity, sailing yacht amadeus | luxury crewed monohull.

Sailing yacht AMADEUS is a stunning 110 ft yacht available for charter in Greece. With a clean, spacious teak deck and a unique outdoor saloon that can seat up to 12 guests across two tables, it’s the perfect place for outdoor dining and entertainment. The deck saloon can also be enclosed with a special canopy and roll-up windows, making it suitable for use in all weather conditions. At the front of the boat, there’s a splash pool and sunbathing area with a removable awning for shade.

Inside the boat, a staircase from the cockpit leads to a well-lit and roomy saloon area with plenty of seating, including a formal dining area, bar, LCD TV, entertainment center, iPod dock station, and Playstation. Sailing Yacht AMADEUS can accommodate 10-12 guests in five large cabins, including a full-width master stateroom and two double cabins, each with an extra single bed. The two twin cabins can also be converted to doubles upon request, making her the only sailboat on the Greek market with five double beds.

To add to the fun, sailing yacht AMADEUS also comes with a range of water toys, including adult and children’s water skis, tubes, inflatable canoes, wakeboard, fishing rod, and snorkeling gear. She was built by Dynamique Yachts in 1996 and underwent a refit in 2014/2018.

ACCOMMODATION

• 1 Master cabin
• 2 VIP cabins
• 2 Twin cabins

Accomodation is offered for 10 -12 guests in 5 spacious cabins: Master cabin forward features a double bed, vanity unit and generous storage facilities, as well as audio/visual entertainment. The en-suite includess a large bath tub, shower and separate WC. Two identical double cabins with additional single bunks situated forward. Two identical double cabins situated aft which can be convertible to twins. (Total 5 double beds) All cabins with en suite facilities and audio/visual entertainment.

A professional crew of 5-6 members are accommodated in separate quarters.

Note that these specifications may vary slightly depending on the specific yacht’s configuration and modifications made by the owner.

New rigging BSI Denmark (2018) New North Sails (2016) Nuvorania tender 4.60m with a New Outboard EVINRUDE E tec 75hp Engines: 2 x 320HP Perkins Rolls Royce Generators: 1 Northern Lights x 25KW, 1 ONAN x 60KW Cruising speed: 10 Fuel consumption: 120 Litres/Hr Generators: 250 Liters/Day

Navigation and safety

• Outside GPS plotter
• Bow thruster
• Electric winches
• Classic mainsail

Saloon and cabins

• Air conditioning
• Coffee machine
• Kitchen utensils
• Pillows and blankets

Entertainment

• LCD 27″ TV, VCR, & CD entertainment systems in Saloon
• X-Box ONE X & Playstation 3 in Saloon
• Master cabin: TV, CD, & DVD entertainment systems
• Double cabins: TV, CD, & DVD entertainment systems
• Twin cabins (convertible to Doubles):TV, CD, & DVD entertainment systems

Water Sports

• Tender & Toys:
• 2018 Nuvorania tender 4.60m with a New Outboard EVINRUDE E tec75hp
• Water Skis (adult and kids)
• Inflatable Kayak
• Fishing Gear
• Snorkelling Equipment
• 4 Yoga mats
• Bathing platform
• Stand Up Paddle

Weekly price: €35,000 – €42,500

Low Season | High Season

Charter Type: Crewed

Berths: 10-12 guests, sailing area: argo-saronic, departure ports: alimos, athens, send us your request, personal information, booking information.

Odyssey Sailing is registered and bonded with the Greek National Tourist Organisation (GNTO – EOT) and is a member of the Hellenic Yacht Brokers Association (HYBA).

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Antonopoulou 158D Volos, 38221, Greece

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Length 33,5m / 109′ ft.

Built/Last Refit 2009/2021

Weekly rate Low € 35.000

Weekly rate High € 45.500

Accommodation

Luxury yacht AMADEUS can accommodate up to 12 guests in 5 cabins. One Master cabin with small desk and en suite facilities (wc separate from bath and shower). Two double cabins with additional single bed and two twin cabins. All cabins with en suite facilities.

Charter Amenities and Extras

S/Y AMADEUS has the following extras onboard: Tenders & Toys include Novourania tender 4.20m with YAMAHA X 70hp plus, MERCURY x 10hp, Water Skis, Mono Ski, Wakeboard, 2 Tubes, Fishing Gear, Snorkelling Equipment, Communications include VHF-GMDSS, Cellular phone, Radar, E-Mail/internet access, Audio Visual Equipment and Deck Facilities include Master cabin: TV, CD, & DVD entertainment system, Double cabins: TV, CD, & DVD entertainment system, Twin cabins: TV, CD, & DVD entertainment system, Saloon: LCD 27’ TV, VCR, & CD entertainment system.

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Charter the AMADEUS

AMADEUS is a 110-foot sailing yacht that can accommodate ten to twelve passengers in five staterooms as follows: a spacious Owner’s stateroom with a double bed, a vanity and an entertainment unit including TV, DVD and music system; two cabins with a double bed and an additional single bed; two cabins with two twin beds each. All staterooms have en suite bathrooms, a TV, DVD and CD player. There are two separate salons onboard as well as a full dining room. The aft deck is fully covered and has seating for all guests to dine in the open air. Forward of the cockpit is a lovely cushioned area for sunning and an unusual pool is found in the fore of the yacht. Swimming in the sea is made accessible by the large swim aft platform.

Image Gallery

Yacht Specifications:

Length: (33.26m/109.11ft), yacht type: sailing yachts, beam: 24.7 ft, built: 1996 | 2018, draft: 12.10 ft, builder: dynamic, guests: 10-12, engines: 2 x 320hp perkins rolls royce, generators: 1 northern lights x 25kw, 1 onan x 60kw, fuel: 120 ltrs/hr, configuration: 1 master cabin, 2 doubles cabins with a single bed each, 2 twin cabins, cruising speed: 10 knots/hr.

(*All specifications are given in good faith and offered for informational purposes only. Yacht inventory, specifications and charter rates are subject to change without prior notice.*)

Recreational Equipment

• NEW Novorania tender 4.60m with NEW EVINRUDE 75hp plus MERCURY x 10hp • Wakeboard • Water Skis (adult and kids), Mono Ski • 2 Tubes • Kayak • 4 Yoga mats • Fishing Gear Snorkelling Equipment

Weekly Rates

High season: €42,500/week, med season: €37,500/week, low season: €35,000/week.

(*Rates are given based on a week charter / Rates are subject to change without notice*)

Customer Reviews

I could no joke die tomorrow and be a happy man. ~ Matthew F.

Although we have traveled just about all over the world, this was probably our best vacation ever. We will be back! ~ Louise Z.

Our trip was FABULOUS! More than exceeded expectations. ~ Anne G.

We have just completed a vacation that I have thought about for a lot of years. Thank you all for making a dream come true!!!! ~ Mae & Bill M.

Everyone is still talking about the trip and I cannot imagine it going any better. ~ Jack D.

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Destination Greece Turkey Montenegro and Croatia West Mediterranean

Number of Guests 1 2 - 4 4 - 6 6 - 8 8 - 10 10 - 12 12+

Number of Cabins 3 Cabin 4 Cabins 5 Cabins 6 Cabins 7 Cabins 8+ Cabins

Yacht Length 45ft - 70ft 70ft - 110ft 110ft - 130ft 130ft - 160ft 160ft +

Weekly Rate < €14,000 €14,000 - 35,000€ 35,000€ - 49,000€ 49,000€ - 70,000€ 70,000€ - 105,000€ 105,000€ - 175,000€ 175,000€ +

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+ (90) 256 340 03 40

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AMADEUS YACHT CHARTER

21.95m  /  72'   sunseeker   2008.

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Cabin Configuration

Special Features:

• Cruising speed of 22 knots
• Sleeps 6 guests
• Williams Jet RIB

Luxury yacht Amadeus is the perfect charter platform for yachting vacations spent entertaining in style

The 21.95m/72' motor yacht 'Amadeus' by the British shipyard Sunseeker offers flexible accommodation for up to 6 guests in 3 cabins.

If you're looking for a family-friendly yacht with plenty of onboard amenities, Amadeus is the perfect choice, promising superb charter vacations whatever the destination.

Guest Accommodation

Built in 2008, Amadeus offers guest accommodation for up to 6 guests in 3 suites comprising a master suite, one VIP cabin and one twin cabin. There are 4 beds in total, including 1 queen, 1 double and 2 singles. She is also capable of carrying up to 2 crew onboard to ensure a relaxed luxury yacht charter experience.

Onboard Comfort & Entertainment

Whatever your activities on your charter, you'll find some impressive features are seamlessly integrated to help you, notably Wi-Fi connectivity, allowing you to stay connected at all times, should you wish. Guests will experience complete comfort while chartering thanks to air conditioning.

Performance & Range

Powered by twin MAN engines, she comfortably cruises at 22 knots, reaches a maximum speed of 35 knots with a range of up to 250 nautical miles.

Onboard Amadeus has a range of toys and accessories to keep you and your guests entertained on the water throughout your stay. Principle among these are Super wid waterskis that are hugely entertaining whether you are a beginner or a seasoned pro. Another excellent feature are O' Brien Ace wakeboards so guests can show off at speed. When it's time to travel from land to see, it couldn't be easier with a Williams Jet RIB.

Motor yacht Amadeus boasts an impressive array of outstanding amenities for truly out-of-this-world charter vacations that you’ll never forget.

TESTIMONIALS

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Amadeus Photos

Amenities & Entertainment

For your relaxation and entertainment Amadeus has the following facilities, for more details please speak to your yacht charter broker.

Amadeus is reported to be available to Charter with the following recreation facilities:

• 1 x Williams 325 Jet RIB 100 HP engine

For a full list of all available amenities & entertainment facilities, or price to hire additional equipment please contact your broker.

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For a full list of all available amenities & entertainment facilities, or price to hire additional equipment please contact your broker.

'Amadeus' Charter Rates & Destinations

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Charter Amadeus

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40 facts about elektrostal.

Written by Lanette Mayes

Modified & Updated: 02 Mar 2024

Reviewed by Jessica Corbett

Elektrostal is a vibrant city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia. With a rich history, stunning architecture, and a thriving community, Elektrostal is a city that has much to offer. Whether you are a history buff, nature enthusiast, or simply curious about different cultures, Elektrostal is sure to captivate you.

This article will provide you with 40 fascinating facts about Elektrostal, giving you a better understanding of why this city is worth exploring. From its origins as an industrial hub to its modern-day charm, we will delve into the various aspects that make Elektrostal a unique and must-visit destination.

So, join us as we uncover the hidden treasures of Elektrostal and discover what makes this city a true gem in the heart of Russia.

Key Takeaways:

• Elektrostal, known as the “Motor City of Russia,” is a vibrant and growing city with a rich industrial history, offering diverse cultural experiences and a strong commitment to environmental sustainability.
• With its convenient location near Moscow, Elektrostal provides a picturesque landscape, vibrant nightlife, and a range of recreational activities, making it an ideal destination for residents and visitors alike.

Known as the “Motor City of Russia.”

Elektrostal, a city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia, earned the nickname “Motor City” due to its significant involvement in the automotive industry.

Home to the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Elektrostal is renowned for its metallurgical plant, which has been producing high-quality steel and alloys since its establishment in 1916.

Boasts a rich industrial heritage.

Elektrostal has a long history of industrial development, contributing to the growth and progress of the region.

Founded in 1916.

The city of Elektrostal was founded in 1916 as a result of the construction of the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Located approximately 50 kilometers east of Moscow.

Elektrostal is situated in close proximity to the Russian capital, making it easily accessible for both residents and visitors.

Known for its vibrant cultural scene.

Elektrostal is home to several cultural institutions, including museums, theaters, and art galleries that showcase the city’s rich artistic heritage.

A popular destination for nature lovers.

Surrounded by picturesque landscapes and forests, Elektrostal offers ample opportunities for outdoor activities such as hiking, camping, and birdwatching.

Hosts the annual Elektrostal City Day celebrations.

Every year, Elektrostal organizes festive events and activities to celebrate its founding, bringing together residents and visitors in a spirit of unity and joy.

Has a population of approximately 160,000 people.

Elektrostal is home to a diverse and vibrant community of around 160,000 residents, contributing to its dynamic atmosphere.

Boasts excellent education facilities.

The city is known for its well-established educational institutions, providing quality education to students of all ages.

A center for scientific research and innovation.

Elektrostal serves as an important hub for scientific research, particularly in the fields of metallurgy, materials science, and engineering.

Surrounded by picturesque lakes.

The city is blessed with numerous beautiful lakes, offering scenic views and recreational opportunities for locals and visitors alike.

Well-connected transportation system.

Elektrostal benefits from an efficient transportation network, including highways, railways, and public transportation options, ensuring convenient travel within and beyond the city.

Famous for its traditional Russian cuisine.

Food enthusiasts can indulge in authentic Russian dishes at numerous restaurants and cafes scattered throughout Elektrostal.

Home to notable architectural landmarks.

Elektrostal boasts impressive architecture, including the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord and the Elektrostal Palace of Culture.

Offers a wide range of recreational facilities.

Residents and visitors can enjoy various recreational activities, such as sports complexes, swimming pools, and fitness centers, enhancing the overall quality of life.

Provides a high standard of healthcare.

Elektrostal is equipped with modern medical facilities, ensuring residents have access to quality healthcare services.

Home to the Elektrostal History Museum.

The Elektrostal History Museum showcases the city’s fascinating past through exhibitions and displays.

A hub for sports enthusiasts.

Elektrostal is passionate about sports, with numerous stadiums, arenas, and sports clubs offering opportunities for athletes and spectators.

Celebrates diverse cultural festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal hosts a variety of cultural festivals, celebrating different ethnicities, traditions, and art forms.

Electric power played a significant role in its early development.

Elektrostal owes its name and initial growth to the establishment of electric power stations and the utilization of electricity in the industrial sector.

Boasts a thriving economy.

The city’s strong industrial base, coupled with its strategic location near Moscow, has contributed to Elektrostal’s prosperous economic status.

Houses the Elektrostal Drama Theater.

The Elektrostal Drama Theater is a cultural centerpiece, attracting theater enthusiasts from far and wide.

Popular destination for winter sports.

Elektrostal’s proximity to ski resorts and winter sport facilities makes it a favorite destination for skiing, snowboarding, and other winter activities.

Promotes environmental sustainability.

Elektrostal prioritizes environmental protection and sustainability, implementing initiatives to reduce pollution and preserve natural resources.

Home to renowned educational institutions.

Elektrostal is known for its prestigious schools and universities, offering a wide range of academic programs to students.

Committed to cultural preservation.

The city values its cultural heritage and takes active steps to preserve and promote traditional customs, crafts, and arts.

Hosts an annual International Film Festival.

The Elektrostal International Film Festival attracts filmmakers and cinema enthusiasts from around the world, showcasing a diverse range of films.

Encourages entrepreneurship and innovation.

Elektrostal supports aspiring entrepreneurs and fosters a culture of innovation, providing opportunities for startups and business development.

Offers a range of housing options.

Elektrostal provides diverse housing options, including apartments, houses, and residential complexes, catering to different lifestyles and budgets.

Home to notable sports teams.

Elektrostal is proud of its sports legacy, with several successful sports teams competing at regional and national levels.

Boasts a vibrant nightlife scene.

Residents and visitors can enjoy a lively nightlife in Elektrostal, with numerous bars, clubs, and entertainment venues.

Promotes cultural exchange and international relations.

Elektrostal actively engages in international partnerships, cultural exchanges, and diplomatic collaborations to foster global connections.

Surrounded by beautiful nature reserves.

Nearby nature reserves, such as the Barybino Forest and Luchinskoye Lake, offer opportunities for nature enthusiasts to explore and appreciate the region’s biodiversity.

Commemorates historical events.

The city pays tribute to significant historical events through memorials, monuments, and exhibitions, ensuring the preservation of collective memory.

Promotes sports and youth development.

Elektrostal invests in sports infrastructure and programs to encourage youth participation, health, and physical fitness.

Hosts annual cultural and artistic festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal celebrates its cultural diversity through festivals dedicated to music, dance, art, and theater.

Provides a picturesque landscape for photography enthusiasts.

The city’s scenic beauty, architectural landmarks, and natural surroundings make it a paradise for photographers.

Connects to Moscow via a direct train line.

The convenient train connection between Elektrostal and Moscow makes commuting between the two cities effortless.

A city with a bright future.

Elektrostal continues to grow and develop, aiming to become a model city in terms of infrastructure, sustainability, and quality of life for its residents.

In conclusion, Elektrostal is a fascinating city with a rich history and a vibrant present. From its origins as a center of steel production to its modern-day status as a hub for education and industry, Elektrostal has plenty to offer both residents and visitors. With its beautiful parks, cultural attractions, and proximity to Moscow, there is no shortage of things to see and do in this dynamic city. Whether you’re interested in exploring its historical landmarks, enjoying outdoor activities, or immersing yourself in the local culture, Elektrostal has something for everyone. So, next time you find yourself in the Moscow region, don’t miss the opportunity to discover the hidden gems of Elektrostal.

Q: What is the population of Elektrostal?

A: As of the latest data, the population of Elektrostal is approximately XXXX.

Q: How far is Elektrostal from Moscow?

A: Elektrostal is located approximately XX kilometers away from Moscow.

Q: Are there any famous landmarks in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to several notable landmarks, including XXXX and XXXX.

Q: What industries are prominent in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal is known for its steel production industry and is also a center for engineering and manufacturing.

Q: Are there any universities or educational institutions in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to XXXX University and several other educational institutions.

Q: What are some popular outdoor activities in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal offers several outdoor activities, such as hiking, cycling, and picnicking in its beautiful parks.

Q: Is Elektrostal well-connected in terms of transportation?

A: Yes, Elektrostal has good transportation links, including trains and buses, making it easily accessible from nearby cities.

Q: Are there any annual events or festivals in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal hosts various events and festivals throughout the year, including XXXX and XXXX.

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Our commitment to delivering trustworthy and engaging content is at the heart of what we do. Each fact on our site is contributed by real users like you, bringing a wealth of diverse insights and information. To ensure the highest standards of accuracy and reliability, our dedicated editors meticulously review each submission. This process guarantees that the facts we share are not only fascinating but also credible. Trust in our commitment to quality and authenticity as you explore and learn with us.

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Built by the famous Dynamique Yachts shipyard and having undergone a refit in 2018, sailing Yacht Amadeus was designed to please the most demanding of yachtsmen. Built for smooth sailing, this elegant cutter rigged sloop has a sleek hull design, comfortably reaching top speeds of 12 knots and ensuring excellent sailing performance. ...

The 33.5m/109'11" 'Amadeus' sail yacht built by the French shipyard Dynamiq is available for charter for up to 10 guests in 5 cabins. This yacht features interior styling by French designer Philippe Briand. Whether you are after the thrill of sailing or prefer to kick back, Amadeus is custom-built for adventure, offering a ring-side seat at the heart of the action once her sails have unfurled ...

Sailing yacht AMADEUS is a luxury vessel that measures 33.5m (109.9ft) in length. She was built by the famous Dynamique Yachts shipyard in 1995 and received a total refit in 2004 and smaller refits in 2012/14 and 2018 plus new interior fabrics in 2022. AMADEUS is an elegant cutter rigged sloop with a sleek hull design painted in an eye-catching ...

Amadeus Description. Built by the famous Dynamique Yachts shipyard, and having undergone a total refit in 2018, S/Y Amadeus was designed to please the most demanding of yachtsmen. Built for smooth sailing, this elegant cutter rigged sloop has a sleek hull design, comfortably reaching top speeds of 12 knots and ensuring excellent sailing ...

Length : 30.2 m / Passengers : 8. Special features : - One of the most elegant SW100- Excellent and experienced crew- Very elegant interiors- Available in West and East Med- Large outdoor spaceTender: 4.30... Price Per week from : 46 000€. View this yacht. AMADEUS is a fast cruising sailing yacht built by Dynamique Yachts and totally refit in ...

The 23.85m/78'3" sail yacht 'Amadeus' was built by Custom. Her interior is styled by design house Jean Marc Piaton and she was completed in 2018. Guest Accommodation. Amadeus has been designed to comfortably accommodate up to 8 guests in 4 suites. She is also capable of carrying up to 2 crew onboard to ensure a relaxed luxury yacht experience.

Built by the famous Dynamique Yachts shipyard, and having undergone a total refit in 2018. S/Y Amadeus was designed to please the most demanding of yachtsmen. Built for smooth sailing, this elegant cutter rigged sloop has a sleek hull design. Comfortably reaching top speeds of 12 knots and ensuring excellent sailing performance.

The yacht is maintained in excellent condition with a five-star crew year round. Sailing Yacht Amadeus was designed to please the most demanding of yachtsmen. Built for smooth sailing, this elegant cutter rigged sloop has a sleek hull design, comfortably reaching top speeds of 12 knots and ensuring excellent sailing performance.

AMADEUS I is a 44m/144' motor yacht for charter delivered by the Timmerman shipyard in 2014. Considered as a great luxury charter yacht for friends and family, AMADEUS I was fully upgraded in 2019. Her key features include a huge sundeck with a jacuzzi pool plus a brand-new beach club with a gym and sauna at sea level.

Built by the famous Dynamique Yachts shipyard, and having undergone a total refit in 2014, S/Y Amadeus was designed to please the most demanding of yachtsmen. Built for smooth sailing, this elegant cutter rigged sloop has a sleek hull design, comfortably reaching top speeds of 12 knots and ensuring excellent sailing performance.

AMADEUS was previously registered as project/yacht name Amadeus 1er. This 33 metre (109 ft) luxury yacht was built by Dynamique Yachts in 1991. Sailing Yacht AMADEUS is a well proportioned superyacht. The yacht is a modern sloop with a cutter rig. The naval architecture office whom authored the design work on this ship was Philippe Briand.

Amadeus is a 33.5 m sailing yacht. She was built by Dynamique Yachts in 1991. With a beam of 7.5 m and a draft of 3.9 m. The sailing yacht can accommodate 12 guests in 5 cabins. The yacht was designed by Philippe Briand.

Launched in 1996 by Dynamique Yachts, Amadeus is a 110 foot sailing sloop. To keep her up to date and comfortable for her guests, she has received refits in 2014 and 2018. She has been fitted with twin 320hp Perkins Rolls Royce engines for power, along with her sails.

33.5m / 109'11 Dragos Yachts 1996 / 2007. The 34.75m/114' 'Amadeus' motor yacht built by shipyard Dragos Yachts is available for charter for up to 12 guests in 5 cabins. This yacht features interior styling by Ugar Kose. Built in 1996, Amadeus's bespoke fittings and design ensure guests can explore the ocean's wonders in style and comfort.

Sailing Yacht AMADEUS can accommodate 10-12 guests in five large cabins, including a full-width master stateroom and two double cabins, each with an extra single bed. The two twin cabins can also be converted to doubles upon request, making her the only sailboat on the Greek market with five double beds.

Fully crewed Sailing Yacht AMADEUS available for private yacht charter in Greece, the best sailing holidays & vacation in the Greek Islands. +30 6948 295 207. [email protected] . Aten, Solonos 22-24, Agii Anargiri 135 61, Greece ... Sailing Yachts; Motor Sailer; Yacht Charter Terms; V.I.P. Services; Destinations; About us;

Charter theAMADEUS. AMADEUS is a 110-foot sailing yacht that can accommodate ten to twelve passengers in five staterooms as follows: a spacious Owner's stateroom with a double bed, a vanity and an entertainment unit including TV, DVD and music system; two cabins with a double bed and an additional single bed; two cabins with two twin beds each.

AMADEUS I is a 44m luxury motor super yacht available for charter built in 2014, refitted in 2019. Charter up to 10 guests in 5 cabins (1 Master, 2 VIP, 3 Double & 2 Twin) with a crew of 9. She is also available for events and corporate charter.

No:7 Kuşadası 09400 Aydın. + (90) 256 340 03 40. [email protected] . Mon - Fri: 9:00 - 18:00. Closed on Weekends. Istanbul Branch - Türkiye. Moscow - Russia. London - United Kingdom. New York - United States of America.

Küçükbakkalköy Mah. Fevzipaşa Cad. Bozkır Sok. No:1 ,K:3 D:15 Ataşehir 34750 Istanbul + (90) 216 900 28 62 +(90) 216 576 47 90. [email protected]

Get directions to Yuzhny prospekt, 6к1 and view details like the building's postal code, description, photos, and reviews on each business in the building

The 21.95m/72' 'Amadeus' motor yacht built by the British shipyard Sunseeker is available for charter for up to 6 guests in 3 cabins.. Primed for exploring secluded beaches and tucked-away lagoons or simply relaxing and soaking up the rays onboard, motor yacht Amadeus is tailor-made for family fun.

Known as the "Motor City of Russia." Elektrostal, a city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia, earned the nickname "Motor City" due to its significant involvement in the automotive industry.. Home to the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant. Elektrostal is renowned for its metallurgical plant, which has been producing high-quality steel and alloys since its establishment in 1916.